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1

COMPOSITION OF A DETECTIVE STORY. REVERSE MOVEMENT FORWARD

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 1
27-57
EN
The story level of composition in the detective genre is dominant. It dominates over other elements in the structure and keeps coherence of it. Stanko Lasic characterises that composition of a detective story (and also criminal genre) as linearly-reflexive. The starting point of narration is breaking the narrative balance, which is based on a motive of secrecy (mysterious crime, mostly murder with unknown criminal) and in the following block of searching the motives are organised in a specific way - during investigation new facts are revealed (that is the linear narrative movement forward). The revealed facts concern an event from past (that means retrospective movement back). One motive within a segment of investigation is simultaneously participating also in both perspective and retrospective movement; that means it contains two contrary vectors. Arranging activity of plot reverses chronologically causal order of motives in the story through inversion: first it distributes consequences, the result of a murdering act (mysterious crime) and only then - in the scene of solution - the causes, 'past' of the crime. Detective story is based on another story - the reconstruction of that story. It is a story of investigation (that is the story) of the story of murdering (plot). The story board of the detective story is searching of the plot of the crime and in the bock of solution it is transformed into that plot (in a summary of the acts and events). The beginning of the story of investigation is at the same time the end of the story of murdering.
2

THE BIRTH OF A DETECTIVE STORY FROM THE SPIRIT OF FANTASY

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2006
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vol. 53
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issue 5
329-367
EN
The aim of the study is to make a research in genealogic and structural relationship between a genre of fantasy and a detective story. The relationship of both two genres was demonstrated through series of the interpretations of the particular texts not following strictly a historical line, but rather logic of the structural transformations. Following it a typological classification was made. The types of the texts mutually differentially defined through logical relationships: inclusive relationship between fantasy (also horror) and detective story, reversed inclusion of fantasy to a genre of a detective story, exclusion between a detective story and horror and relationship of the unique synthesis between a detective story and a fantasy. Excluding supernatural forces from the detective story operate in economy of a superior regime of the rules of fair play of a detective story (equalities of chances for a reader as well as a detective, providing by pure rationalistic solution). If there is a distributed supernatural explanation in the text, which in its exposition (and etiquette on the cover) activates the detective story reader's generic expectations, pre-programmed detective story reader classifies it as a cheat, as a breaking of a genre pact of a reader with the text. The different genres construct their specific fictional worlds with not breakable rules - breaking of them produces an overlap into a text of a different genre.
3

DETECTIVE STORY AND REBUS

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 2-3
179-206
EN
The article is an analysis of model describing constitution and transformation of detective genre and he confronts it with a generic model of history of national literature.
4

THE CRIMINAL GENEALOGY OF A DETECTIVE STORY (Pitaval. Vidocq. Literature on Crime. Aesthetics and London Murders in Fog)

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2005
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vol. 52
|
issue 6
377-393
EN
In the study we are constructing one branch of genealogical root in the development of detective genre - narration on criminal cases (Vidocq, De Quincey, Newgate Calendar) and famous trials (Pitaval). Pitaval is not only a collection of 'causes célébre' like it is in old literature about crime but the main topic is investigation and conviction of a criminal and finding him guilty by means of proves - at this stage legal knowledge takes effect. By means of Pitaval the connection of criminal topic and rational reflection applied by investigation of crime and proving guilty begins in literary discourse. In Pitaval's work particularly Enlightenment type of rationality connected with the conception of naturalness is concerned. The means of rational reflection allow come to conclusion about what natural acting is like. It is with respect to circumstances and this naturalness is a part of a rational argument. The naturalness and rational argument together produce truth. The voice of truth speaks first of all through the contradictions in the suspects' utterances (through their offends against the rules of reason) and not according to an eyewitness account. Here we read the initiative of the Enlightenment discredit of prejudice (Gadamer). This discourse transformation has been a necessary but not a sufficient condition of establishing the detective genre. Pitaval differentiates from a detective story by its linear composition although in Pitaval we can sometimes also come across the tendency to linear-reversible (detective) composition.
5

IN THE HEART OF SECRET. MYSTERIOUS MURDER OF THE LITERARY CRITIQUE

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2007
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vol. 54
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issue 4
255-276
EN
The author of the article analyses a classical type of a detective story written by S. S. Van Dine 'The Greene Murder Case' (1928). He uses it as a reference and representative text (as a 'textbook of generic grammar') indicating all formulated genre, referring also to the generic variations in other texts. The description of the characters already in static characteristic introduces elements of iteration, repeating on the successive axis of the text and they form that way a stabile characterization of a hero. In the focal narrative sequence of solution there are two types of a motif set in confrontation: theme distribution of enigmatic motives without their sense and correct arrangement of motives. The detective has to deduce it from enigmaticaly distributed data through his own mechanism of judgement. In the Van Dine novel a holistic type of problem shooting operates: one introduced hypothesis explains 'in one move' all morphemes of the secret and that is why it is correct. (If whoever else murders except of the right murder, it will not be necessary to let the lights switched on in all the rooms, the woman, a murder, would not be found in the lit up room shot in front of the mirror just because to be able to shoot herself etc.) The author shows the strategies of the text through which a model reader is deceived to construct incorrect possible world of the own hypothesis and also to construct an incorrect possible world in the hypothesis excluding a real perpetrator from the list of the suspicious persons. As an illustration the author uses and example from famous Holmes' solution concerning a dog in the short story 'Silver Blaze'.
6

EDGAR ALLAN POE AND A DETECTIVE STORY: A NEW CONFIGURATION OF THE OLD ONE AND ITS VARIATIONS

100%
Horvath T.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2005
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vol. 52
|
issue 3
176-212
EN
In the study we analyse Poe's 'tales of ratiocination', inaugurating a detective genre. No one of the Poe's short stories as a whole fully fits with an 'ideal' model of a detective story 'according to the rules', but particular short stories are realisations of certain units of that model. A detective story was constituted as a real non-existing variant derived from the particular short stories as a connection, their single units: great detective; breaking the perspective creating a Watson like type of a narrator, who is opposite to a detective, secret of a locked room; 'analytical' discernments, distance from a victim (all that in Dupin trilogy), a murderer as the least suspicious character in the text (in the short story Thou Art the Man). A real text, 'a detective story according to the rules', which fully fits with the model, comes just in the next step of development of the genre. The same structural model - connection of single units, which had worked independently in the literary texts - is also to organize also Poe's inaugurating gesture in the relationship with previous qualifications of development of the genre. Poe applies to the theme of a crime (constituted in pitavals, black chronicles and calendars, in the novel feuilletone and theatrical melodramas) logic discernment (ratiocination, 'serendipity'), which appeared in rebuses (puzzle stories, or riddle stories). Horror (originally coming from a gothic and robbery novel) goes side by side with deduction. Detailed analysis of detective's solutions shows, that results is not formulated through an abstract deduction, but abduction: stating a hypothesis (with references to knowledge within cultural encyclopaedia), which can explain (presented) state of the cause. Also impossibility for the police to decode a secret in the short story 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' is not caused by a mistake in their logic derivation, but in stating the false premise. It is shown how a detective 'observation' is immerged in judgement ('it is necessary to know what to observe').
7

LATE COPPER AGE SETTLEMENT IN BALATONOSZOD, HUNGARY

100%
Horvath T.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2004
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vol. 39
59-85
EN
Archaeological rescue excavation, carried out on the planned route of the M7 motorway on the track as well the junction near the village of Balatonoszod, confirmed that the strategic and economic advantages of the nearby lake made the southern shore of the Lake Balaton extremely attractive for settlers from the Prehistoric Period till the Late Medieval Period. At the Balatonoszod site an extented settlement-part of the Late Copper Age Baden Culture was excavated. The researched area covered c. 100 000 square meters on the western part of the stream-bed. The eastern part of the settlement was documented through field walking which yielded a number of features. It was shown that the settlement was divided by the stream which could separate the profanic and sacred, the younger and the older parts of the settlement or the village and the cemetery. On the top of the hill three very similarly structured buildings were excavated side by side and another one in the western direction and their function raise new debates. In addition the three ritual pits were found, filled with more layers of abundant animal- and human skeleton-finds as well as pottery. Human bones were also discovered without animal remains, sometimes one-by-one, but usually in groups. The above-mentioned settlement of the Baden Culture shows 'unusual' criteria from various perspectives. Since no direct parallels are known it cannot be decided whether an unique, specialized settlement was uncovered or a rare, but by chance everyday example of a settlement-type inside the great complex of the Baden Culture has been found.
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