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EN
This article describes the results of two studies which examine the new methods of effective suppressing of stereotypic thoughts. In both studies the participants read the characteristics of the two men - one of them is mentioned as being an alcoholic - and the participants' task is to describe the typical day of both men. In the first study they began with the description of non-alcoholic buddy, in the second study, they began with the description of the alcoholic. In both experiments the mental suppression of stereotypical thoughts was manipulated. Next they were examined on recognition test of memory details about those persons. The findings of both studies showed that participants were able to suppress the stereotypical associations.
EN
The introduction to the thematic issue "Perception without prejudices and stereotypes" shows the relations between nine articles of this volume and broader theoretical context of this research domain. We briefly discuss the variety of different cognitive, motivational, personality, and social processes that may reduce prejudices and stereotypes. We emphasize the important contribution of Polish social psychologists in this domain and indicate the potential practical applications of this knowledge.
EN
The paper presents an overview of research on working memory as a predictor of early school achievements. We contrast two main areas of research on the role of working memory in school achievements: the first concerns the structural model of working memory and the second focuses on executive functions. Then, we discuss the facet model of working memory as a promising approach merging the two research branches on working memory tasks as predictors of early school achievements. At the end we present exemplary results of the research conducted on a national sample of six- and seven-year-olds in Poland, which indicates strong relation of working memory functions with the measures of competences in mathematics, reading, and writing. Additionally, the mediation analyses, with parents’ education as a covariate, indicate that the influence of age on achievements in math, reading, and writing in six- and seven-year olds is mediated by working memory functions.
EN
Objective: Present research examined children’s behavioural and cognitive functioning by using data from a screening study based on reports given by parents and teachers, and investigated the strongest predictors of children’s fluid intelligence. Method: Scales: Conners Early Childhood Behaviour Scale (CEC BEH [S]) and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) were filled out by parents and teachers of preschool children. Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) was used to measure fluid intelligence among preschool children. Results: Parent-teacher concordance was low to moderate. Working memory in BRIEF-P estimated by teachers and parents mediated the relationship between inattention/hyperactivity in CEC BEH [S] and fluid intelligence among preschoolers. The difficulties with working memory assessed by teachers and parents were significant predictors of Raven scores; however, predictions based on teachers’ assessments were stronger. Conclusion: Clinicians should collect reports from various observers in order to implement prevention programs and optimize clinical diagnoses for children. Information from both parents and teachers give significant and complementary contribution to understanding difficulties with cognitive and behavioural functioning of preschoolers.
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