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EN
In article the interrelation of culture and training is analyzed. The last is considered as one of the ways of translation of cultural experience. Three types of the cultures allocated by M. Мead, – postfigurative, cofigurative, prefigurative – with definition of features of training to cultural values, norms, attitudes to traditions, interactions of generations in each of them are characterized. The basic world outlook directions inherent in given cultures, and also a degree of its diffuse in modern human communities are revealed. It is noticed, that by the most corresponding requirements and a rhythm of a life of the developed information countries in which the great value is allocated to innovations and new technologies, the culture is represented prefigurative.
EN
In article the genesis, essence and the basic features of the sociallypsychological approach to the studying of electoral behaviour of the population, an opportunity of its application in sociological research of electoral behaviour of citizens of the postcomunist countries (first of all the Republic of Belarus) in view of specificity of a condition and development of their political and party system, the legislation of elections and practice of elections are revealed. The interpretations of the socially-psychological approach by various authors – by E. Campbell, P. Converse, U. Miller, D. Nimmo and T. Jungs, R. Rose and U. Mishler and others – are analysed. The works of some Russian authors undertaking attempts on the basis of the given approach to create own models of electoral behaviour are considered, meeting the requirements of the Russian political realities (E. Meleshkina), to reveal the base of party identification of the Russians (V. Iadov).
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