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1

Psiogłowi (i) świeci. Topos i przyczyny jego występowania

100%
Nowakowski P.
U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 11
83-106
EN
Meetings of saints with dog-headed people is an interesting theme present in the early Christian literature. The Eastern writings concerning St Andrew, St Barnabas and St Christopher show that the assistance of a dog-headed was necessary for Christianization of pagans. The way of portraying a dog-headed and the motif of the change of his wild nature into a human one (leading to acquiring of human virtues) seem to be common for all these text and appear in some further ones also (ex. Life of St. Mercurius in Copto-Arabic Synnaxarium). Another interesting issue is a Gnostic ruler of an astral sphere – archon Erathaoth, portrayed as dog-headed by Origen in Contra Celsum. This figure could have been influenced by an astrological tradition. There may have been various reasons for using this theme in the ancient texts. First, Christian authors were discussing the possibility of conversion of pagans, who were very different from tribes known to Romans for a long period of time. The arguments for this interpretation can be found in Augustine’s De Civitate Dei and Ratramnus’s Epistula de cynocephalis, which both contain a discussion on the alleged human origin of dog-headed creatures and hence conclude that they could be baptised. The other option is the influence of the Egyptian culture and religion. The authors wanted to compromise it by describing a dog-headed creature (similar to Anubis) as a faithful follower of Christ. The same measures were used by Hieronymus in Vita Pauli with respect to centaurs and satyrs.
2

Przyczynek do studiów nad stosunkiem załóg przedsiębiorstw toruńskich do tzw. nowych związków zawodowych w latach 1983–1989

100%
Nowakowski P.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2013
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vol. 78
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issue 1
123-146
EN
The article describes the attitude to the trade unions in Toruń’s enterprises aft er martial law at the beginning of 1989. It includes quantitative and qualitative data about trade union membership and their social reception. It refers to the condition of the trade unions in the district and in the country. The research is mainly analytical. The article also contains synthetic information and attempts to analyze the data. The comparative approach plays a very important function and it also embraces the reception of the trade unions in individual enterprises. The most attention was given to the trade unions in the biggest enterprises – ZWCh “Elana” and TPCz “Merinotex”. Originally, in both factories workers displayed a visible dislike to the trade unions, but between 1986 and 1987 the trade union membership rose considerably in “Merinotex”. The article also deals with members of the Polish United Workers’ Party. Although the party’s authorities advocated the party’s members’ involvement in the trade unions, in the beginning workers were not particularly interested in joining them.
3
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Stosunek pracowników przedsiębiorstw toruńskich do władz państwowych w latach 1983–1989 w świetle akt Komitetu Wojewódzkiego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej i niezależnych czasopism

100%
Nowakowski P.
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EN
The article constitutes an attempt to initiate research on the attitude of the Toruń community towards the political authorities after the martial law, the basic subject of which is not the opposition but a broad cross-section of society. The aim of the article is to examine the moods and behavior of the personnel of Toruń’s enterprises, with special emphasis on employees not belonging to the political opposition. The files of the archival collection of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in Toruń and selected underground magazines were used for the research. The conclusions reveal the ambiguous and variable, if not radical, attitude of Toruń’s workers to the authorities in the discussed period, and the fact that dissatisfaction was based mainly on the economic grounds.
4
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From the Editors

100%
Nowakowski P.
Perspektywy Kultury
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2019
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vol. 25
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issue 2
9-12
EN
To this day, there is a debate what date should be adopted as the anniver­sary of Poland’s independence. In addition to the present one of 11 No­vember, which has been established since the declaration of the Indepen­dence Day in 1937, there have been other proposals. What is important here is that, regardless of their positions, all those taking part in this dis­cussion share the conviction that independence must be proclaimed, and that it must be expressed clearly and widely. Freedom also manifests itself in the fact that the independence of the homeland is spoken about with­out fear but with joy.
5
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Od redakcji

100%
Nowakowski P.
Perspektywy Kultury
|
2019
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
5-8
PL
Do dziś nie milknie dyskusja, którą datę należałoby przyjąć dla obcho­dzenia rocznicy odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości. Obok obecnej: 11 listopada, utrwalonej od chwili ustanowienia święta niepodległości w 1937 r., pojawiają się inne propozycje. Istotne przy tym jest, iż niezależ­nie od zajmowanego stanowiska wszystkich biorących udział w tej dysku­sji łączy przekonanie, że niepodległość trzeba ogłaszać, że musi być wyra­żana jasno i przedstawiana szeroko. A wolność przejawia się także w tym, że o niepodległości ojczyzny mówi się bez obaw i z radością.
6
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Informacje fonetyczno -ortofoniczne w podręczniku Tomasza Karpowicza Kultura języka polskiego . Wymowa , ortografia , interpunkcja.

63%
Nowakowski P., Wiatrowski P.
Slavia Occidentalis
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2013
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issue 70/1
87-100
PL
The aim of the article is to assess the quality of phonetic and orthophonetic knowledge presented in the academic textbook by Tomasz Karpowicz entitled Polish Language Culture. Pronunciation, Spelling and Punctuation, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 2009. An analysis of phonetic and orthophonetic information has identified numerous factual mistakes and gaps, as many pronunciation problems requiring definition of correct standards were disregarded.
7
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A phonetic grammar of the Polish language

51%
Dyczkowski K., Nowakowski P., Kordek N., Stroński K.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2008
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vol. 16
15-24
PL
The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of the investigation of the phonic articulatory systems of Polish on the basis of the detailed articulatory descriptions existent in phonetic literature and with the use computational tools. First the theoretical foundations of the phonetic grammar are briefly introduced, then the main problem of the choice of an appropriate repertory of phones for Polish is also discussed. The last section is devoted to the presentation of the computional amalysis of the collected data. The created application enables us to collect a given phonetic inventory, taking into consideration the division into particular languages and the database generated here makes further computer analyses possible. Owing to the introduction of numeric interpretation of the articulatory features and dimensions, the phones can be treated as vectors in n-dimensional metric space. Then the measures of distances can be employed as measures of similarity between respective phones. By means of applying the Data Mining algorithms the interdependencies in the set of phones can be automatically shown. The present paper is a first attempt to apply the axiomatic theory of language at the phonetic level to the analysis and synthesis of the phonetic system of Polish.
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