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  1. 7 Świat i Słowo

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1

„Głodne zwierzę” w Opowiadaniach Franza Kafki umiera z nadzieją

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2016
|
vol. 14
|
issue (1) 26
51-69
EN
I assume that it is not right to attempt an interpretation of The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) as a nightmare, a metaphor of illness or exclusion for social, po- litical, religious, racial, moral and all other possible reasons. Contrary to this, it is possible to talk about at least three types of needs (and neurotic desires connected with them) visible in Gregor’s behaviour: the need to be loved and accepted, the need to diminish one’s own desires in order to serve the loved ones, and the need to confirm one’s own superiority which stems from the self-denial and sacrifice. Seen from the perspective of such neurotic desires, Gregor Samsa becomes a char- acter who, as an aggressor, extorts pathological family relations. All those explanations allow us to perceive The Metamorphosis as a literary visu- alisation of mental complications unexpectedly unveiled in the standard model of a good, bourgeoisie family. Psychoanalytical interpretation of the text from the perspective of unconscious psyche reveals a zoomorphic, archetypical image of an Enemy (a worm) and combines the archetypal symbol with the interpretation of zoomorphosis as a literary description of neurotic desires, and, consequently, the destruction which they may lead to.
2
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Zmierzch antropomorfizmu (na podstawie literatury fantastycznej)

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2(21)
95-106
EN
The article scrutinises exomimetic literature – both science fiction and fantasy – a genre which developed in the 20th century and appropriated traditional science fiction by creating hybrid forms, whose common denominator was the logic of presented world which exceeded the traditional physics. In the case of science fiction it is new physics, meta-physics, which is followed by nuclear physiology and cellular nuclear physics. It is also assumed that the behavior of the matter (also living matter) can be controlled by quantum physics on the level of nanometers. The feature shared by both, science fiction and fantasy, is the ability to trespass typically human limitations. They steer towards multiplied, intensified humanity. Towards non-human. In this respect both genres illustrate the decline of traditional humanity and of ordinary man.
3

Mit religijny w poezji Zbigniewa Herberta

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2009
|
vol. Świat i Słowo 2009, nr 2 (13)
27-40
EN
In her interpretation of Zbigniew Herbert’s poem the author refers to the archetypal and mitographic critique of Northrop Frye and shows a relation between the mythical model of the universe and a structure of the poem’s world. The author also suggests, that the idea of emotional bond and sympathy among people which is implied in the text, is questioned and negated by the confrontation with the mythical structure. In Zbigniew Herbert’s poem a religious myth is no longer Christian, and the archetype of flood indirectly points out the necessity of rebirth and renewal.
4

Pisane z czułością

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2016
|
vol. 14
|
issue (2) 27
75-83
EN
Andrzej Stasiuk’s book Squatting (Kucając) depicts a  mythologized world stretched out on the axis mundi. This world is an image of a macrocosm with all its play of the elements and a perennial return of various phenomena, mythical cycles of vegetation and the changing of seasons. At the same time it provides insight into a microcosm (life in all its minute manifestations), and an emphatic observa- tion of insects, birds, frogs, deer, sheep or a dog. Stasiuk’s fiction is characterised by a subjective and personal relation to the animal world he describes. Such an attitude is a legacy of an animistic paradigm, which assumes an initial solidarity of all beings, a community uniting the human and animal elements.
5

Kobiety w poezji Miłosza

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2015
|
vol. 13
|
issue (2)25
147-163
EN
The article presents an image of woman in Czeslaw Milosz’s late poetry. The analysis of linguistic material showed the semantic universal in which this image is encapsulated and the adequate expressions thereof – its key words. The author has analysed several dozen of Milosz’s poems as well as fragments of texts by Adam Mickiewicz, used for the sake of comparison. The analysis showed some analogies between the Romantic paradigm and the image of woman in Milosz’s poetry, yet it also showed some considerable changes: in particular, the descriptions of women became more realistic and detailed and, what follows, more pictorial. One of its characteristic features is the reference to the 19th century reality as well as its vanitative context.
6

Zmierzchy wszystkie

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2(21)
9-12
EN
[The article is an introduction to the monographic issue of the magazine “World and Word" entitled Twilights (2013, No 2[21])]
7

Religijny model świata w literaturze fantastycznej

100%
Tomalak B.
Świat i Słowo
|
2014
|
vol. 12
|
issue (2)23
213-230
EN
From the primordial times the need of religious experience has always been an inalienable human need, hence the contemporary culture proposes the return to the mythical scenarios through partial reconstruction of primeval believes and attaching new meanings to the imaginary sphere. Fantasy literature recalls the animistic model, making references to myths, magic fairy-tales, heroic epic poetry or medieval chivalry poetry. Besides the traditional roles of the myth: community creating ethnogenetic original myth, its fairy-tale nature satisfying the need of the miraculous, in modern times, as it has always been in the history of mankind, the main role is played by the myth of initiation, which enables the surrogate initiation in the virtual world of literary fiction. Fantasy worlds bring us back as far back as to the late Palaeolithic, to the magic culture to the undiversified world filled with sacrum. Contrary to this, in the science-fiction literature the role of magic is performed by science. In literary texts which combine the elements of science-fiction and fantasy (there are more and more such hybrids) the hero’s evolution, conceived as an initiation in the shamanic biographical model, leads to the higher forms of being, in which the Aliens/Others, who represent more advanced civilisations, play the structural roles of gods.
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