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1

Liberalization trends in European Union cabotage transport

100%
Tomaszewska M.
Prawo Morskie
|
2005
|
vol. 21
283-295
EN
The guidelines in the White Book regarding the development of transport confirmed the conclusions reached by the European Council in Gothenburg regarding, on the one hand, the necessity of optimization, and, on the other, compliance with principles of sustainable development. The second issue, in particular, lays out the conditions for the creation of a contemporary transportation system that will equalize economic results with social costs and the environmental pollution. The expectations are that cabotage transport will become an alternative to ground transport. Cabotage transport between the European ports has not developed to the extent anticipated. The White Book reveals that the development of short distance marine transport, which is currently a priority in EU maritime policy, will stimulate undertakings in the Baltic and North seas regions. The expansion of the European Union should lead to significant possibilities for the further development of cabotage transport. The European Commission anticipates that the Baltic region will be the fastest developing European region in 2002-2010. This provides opportunities but also sets out challenges for Polish vessel owners and seaports, which, as instruments of growing economic exchange, will contribute to the economic development of the country.
2

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING MEMORY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND POLYMORPHISM OF BDNF (BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR) GENE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS

39%
Borkowska A., Wilkosc M., Tomaszewska M., Skibinska M., Dmitrzak-Weglarz M., Drozdz W., Hauser J.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
|
2007
|
vol. 16
33-47
EN
Current studies on cognitive processes focused also on specificity and neurobiology of working memory. Working memory is mostly connected with the activity of prefrontal cortex, and their disturbances are an important element in the etiopathogenesis of mental illnesses. Activity of different neurotransmitters and also neurotrophic systems, especially brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) play an important role in memory processes. It is also important in brain developmental processes and the polymorphism of BDNF gene now is in the center of genetic-molecular studies on working memory processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate a relation between polymorphisms Val66Met and C-270T of BDNF gene and the efficiency of working memory measured by neuropsychological tools: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop test and Trail Making Test A&B in healthy subjects. The study was performed on 90 healthy volunteers (33 women, 57 men) aged 18-58 years. The results obtained have demonstrated the relation between performance on some of neuropsychological tests and polymorphism C-270T of BDNF gene, and the relationship was different in male and female group. However no association between the performance of the neuropsychological tests and polymorphism of Val66Met of BDNF gene was found. The results indicate different influence of the BDNF gene polymorphisms in working memory processes.
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