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1
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Consumer Protection as a Premise to Build Trust in the Financial Service Market

100%
Szustak G.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2014
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vol. 16
113-133
EN
Consumers are very important participant of the financial market, generating high demand for its products and services. However, as non-professional clients, they require a special legal protection, securing their interests in contractual relations with financial institutions. The European Commission, as well as the national legislation of the Member States of the European Union seek to provide it for consumers, although it manages to varying degrees of success. The EU has no regulations, which for example might oblige member states to establish institutions of insured protection. Changes are also required when it comes to the protection of clients of failed investment companies, also in Poland, especially the amount of cover and the date of compensation payment. In Poland, there is a lack of a comprehensive law, aimed at the problem of inaccurate advertisement, misleading the customers. Conclusion of a fragmentary legislation in a number of different legal acts, certainly does not promote the elimination of unfair behavior of advertisers. Finally, there is too many 'abusive clauses' in contracts concluded with consumers, acting to their detriment. The aim of the study is to present the key elements of the consumer protection system, combined with the indication of the EU and the Polish legal basis, regulating the related issues and arising in connection with system operations the dilemmas. The individual client's protection system includes: guarantee schemes protecting customers of failed financial institutions; activities to eliminate information asymmetry, manifested by an increase in information obligations of financial institutions for their clients; prohibition of the use in contracts concluded with consumers prohibited contractual provisions, called "abusive clauses" by the professional side of the transaction; non-judicial institutions which settles disputes between clients and financial institutions, protection of personal data. The paper remains narrative and draws on the conceptual analysis of the current state of affairs supported by deduction and induction as core methodology (original abstract)
2
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Informacja o kredytobiorcy - zasadnicza przesłanka bezpieczeństwa banku

100%
Szustak G.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 171
65-83
EN
The study concerns the role of information about the customer to ensure the safety of the bank lending. Its aim is to identify the key stages of effective information management in the difficult process of minimizing the bank's credit risk. Therefore identified: importance of obtaining financial, credit and economic information about borrower, the sources of this information, characteristics which should legitimize of useful information, the principles of proper bank's information system management and its computer system management, most of the information must, in fact, be computerized. Moreover, indicated important problems, decreasing in the current banks' practice, the efficiency of existing banks' information systems.
3
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Innowacje rynku kart płatniczych w  Polsce - charakter, tempo i  zasadność wprowadzanych zmian

100%
Szustak G.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2013
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vol. 47
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issue 3
EN
The purpose of the paper is to present the process-technological character of innovations implemented in the pay card market, to justify the direction of the introduced changes, and  to  assess the degree of their advancement. The innovations discussed were generally divided into two groups. The first group involves innovations improving card payment safety: microprocessors in EMV standard, 3-D Secure protocol, and biometry. The second group are  innovations improving card functionality. The most significant here is equipping EMV  standard microprocessor cards in the proximity technology, and installing NFC  technology chips in telephones, which along with biometry initiated the era of  abandoning plastic cards.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
4
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Supernadzór bankowy w strefie euro

100%
Szustak G.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 173
214-224
EN
One of the foundations published by European Commission for banking union, is fairly controversial conception of foundation within its structure common banking supervision (so-called banking uniform mechanism) performed by European Central Bank. Expected contribution of new institution is to increase financial security of European banks, restore confidence to financial sector and protect it against successive crisis. The aim of this paper is to present the main points of contention for planned project including: supervision location within EBC structure, reduction of non-EURO countries role to the observers in new supervision board of directors, inaccurate roles of future supervision and subjective scope of its actions. It has been also attempted to answer the fundamental question: if creation of banking union is possible in coming years, taking into consideration an import rank of dilemmas mentioned in the paper and others as well (joint guarantee fund, joint rescue fund) for all European Union members which are defending national interests and present different positions in that case.
5
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Wiarygodność informacyjna banku – perspektywa seniora korzystającego z usług na rynku bankowym

63%
Szustak G., Szewczyk Ł.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
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2021
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vol. 3
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issue 31
133-149
EN
The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of the article is to present the essence of a bank's information reliability and its assessment by a selected group of stakeholders, which are seniors. The conducted study allowed for the positive verification of the following research hypothesis: the bank's information reliability is an important factor that influences the bank's assessment by seniors. Methodology: The text has been divided into three parts. Two of them are theoretical and the authors focused here on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject. The first one describes the problem of trust in banks and public guarantees as factors influencing the shape of the sector. The second part focuses on presenting important issues related to the broadly understood information in the bank–client relationship. In the empirical part of the article, a questionnaire study was conducted in which the information reliability was assessed from the perspective of seniors using banking services. Results of the research: The research showed that 75% of the respondents had in practice encountered a situation in which the bank provided incomplete or false information. Two-thirds of the respondents also emphasized that information credibility is an important element of building trust in a bank. On the other hand, less than half of them indicated that the bank's information message was legible. Keywords: public trust, public guarantees, information reliability, banking sector, senior on the banking services market.
6
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Wybrane aspekty procesów restrukturyzacji sektora bankowego

63%
Szustak G., Gradoń W.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2015
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vol. 238
153-179
PL
Dynamicznie zmieniające się uwarunkowania świadczenia usług bankowych, będące efektem zjawiska globalizacji, stanowią źródło szeroko pojętego ryzyka, na które narażeni są pośrednicy finansowi, w szczególności banki. Nadmierne rozmiary podjętego ryzyka i jego nowe rodzaje sprzyjają pojawianiu się sytuacji grożących utratą ich wypłacalności. Jednym z możliwych rozwiązań umożliwiających ochronę banku przed upadłością jest podjęcie działań restrukturyzacyjnych. Pojęcie restrukturyzacji i jej zakres nie jest jednak ujednolicone, zarówno w źródłach prawa, jak i w źródłach literaturowych, co powoduje chaos interpretacyjny omawianego pojęcia. W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu obowiązujących aktów prawnych posługujących się pojęciami: postępowanie naprawcze, restrukturyzacja i likwidacja banków, określono zakres restrukturyzacji, omówiono działania UE na rzecz restrukturyzacji europejskiego sektora bankowego i narzędzia restrukturyzacji, zwracając wśród nich szczególną uwagę na rangę konsolidacji, zwłaszcza przejęć banków zagrożonych przez banki silniejsze, co pozwala zachować ciągłość działania banku i stabilność finansową sektora finansowego. Przejęcia są jednym z preferowanych narzędzi rozwiązywania problemów banków będących na skraju upadłości, uwzględnionym w jednolitym mechanizmie restrukturyzacji i uporządkowanej likwidacji. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zasadniczych dylematów związanych z zakresem pojęcia "restrukturyzacja banków", pokryzysowych działań UE na rzecz restrukturyzacji europejskiego sektora bankowego oraz konsolidacji, uważanej za jedno z najczęściej stosowanych i preferowanych narzędzi restrukturyzacji współczesnych banków, zarówno zagrożonych (ochrona stabilności sektora dzięki wykorzystaniu fuzji i przejęć), jak i zdrowych, dążących do wzmocnienia pozycji konkurencyjnej i efektywności działania, dzięki osiąganemu w jej wyniku efektowi synergii.
EN
Dynamically changing conditions of banking services, which are the result of phenomenon of globalization, are the source of the risks in broad meaning, on which financial intermediaries, particularly banks, are exposed. Excessive value of taken risk and its new types favor situations, threatening the loss of their solvency. One of the possible solution, allowing protection of a bank from bankruptcy, is to start the restructuring process. The concept of restructuring and its range is not uniform, both in the sources of law, as well as in literature, which cause a chaos interpretation of this concept. In this article was made a review of existing legal acts, which take into account the concepts of reorganization proceedings, restructuring and liquidation of banks, defined the scope of the restructuring, discussed the European Union's activities for restructuring of the European banking sector and restructuring tools, paying particular attention to the importance of consolidation, mainly acquisitions of threatened banks by stronger banks, which allow to keep continuity of bank's operation and the financial stability of financial sector. Acquisitions are one of the preferred tools for solving problems of banks that are on the verge of bankruptcy, included in a uniform mechanism for restructuring and orderly liquidation. The aim of the article is to present: essential dilemmas associated with the concept of 'bank's restructuring', post-crisis European Union's activities for restructuring and consolidation of on the European banking sector, considered as a one of the most used and preferred tools of restructuring of modern banks, both threatened (protection of sector's stability through mergers and acquisitions) and 'healthy', seeking to strengthen the competitive position and efficiency, through - attained as a result - synergy effect.
7
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Disclosure of Non-Financial Information in Banks - an ESG Perspective. Regulatory Requirements and Banking Practice

63%
Szewczyk Ł., Szustak G.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2023
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vol. 57
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issue 2
157-174
EN
Theoretical background: Banks, due to their nature and a specific role in the economy, are subject to significant regulations in the field of their activities. Currently, the increasing importance of ESG regulations is noticeable, which is on the one hand the result of changing requirements within the EU, as well as ownership requirements and noticeable market pressure. Non-financial disclosures in the area of ESG are becoming permanent and important element of the information policy of banks. Banks manage to monitor the indicators of their own environmental policy or disclose social and employee issues, although this certainly involves additional reporting burdens, and the scope of disclosures as well as the degree of their significance still vary. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to identify, systematize and evaluate EU regulations in the area of ESG disclosures relating to the banking sector, taking into account the identification of major limitations related to their implementation. Research methods: The literature review as well as ESG reporting regulations overview and a case study which presents the ESG disclosure practice. Main findings: Effective communication of a bank with its stakeholders is of a crucial importance. As indicated, the legal solutions in this area are new, there are possibilities for their different interpretation, the practice has also not yet been developed. In addition, and perhaps above all, information on the imple mentation of environmental goals indicated in the Taxonomy flows to banks from their clients. Therefore, the approach of bank customers to the discussed issues is important, while for banks it is and will be a huge challenge to verify whether the financed investment is actually ecological and the business activity of the bank’s client is sustainable.
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