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PL
Interfamily predictors of defensive coping strategies in lower-secondary school students in the social conflict situationThe aim of the research has been to determine the family aetiology of defensive coping strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) employed by teenagers in social conflict situations and resulting from educational attitudes and model coping strategies chosen by their parents in analogous contexts. The following assessment methods have been used: the scale of parental attitudes by Mieczysław Plopa, the questionnaire of parental coping strategies in social conflict situations in the child’s perception (SRwSK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat, and the questionnaire of adolescent coping strategies in social confl ict situations (KSRK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. The empirical study has covered 892 students (464 girls and 423 boys) aged 13–15, from the first, second and third years of the lower secondary school. The results show that adolescents are not able to deal constructively with the social confl ict situation unless in their educational environment they find approval, openness to their matters, recognition of their freedom of action, respect for their rights, and a model of active behaviour provided by signifi cant others while seeking a viable solution to a conflict. Defensive forms of coping strategies in social conflict situations develop under  the influence of educational parental attitudes and models of reacting to problems, manifested in parents’ behaviours in emotional tension situations.
EN
The objective of the study was to identify family determinants of aggression strategy used by adolescents in social conflict situations from among educational attitudes and the pattern of coping with difficult situations used by parents. The study employed SPR M. Plopa’s questionnaire to test the perception of parental attitudes, a proprietary questionnaire to test the parents coping strategies in social conflict situations (SRwSK) and a proprietary questionnaire to test the coping strategies of youth in social conflict situations (KSRK). Empirical research involved 892 adolescents (467 girls and 425 boys) aged 13-15. In light of the performed tests it has been found that adolescents’ aggressive response to emotional tension, arising in a social conflict situation, is shaped by inappropriate educational attitudes characterised by lack of stability in behaviour of the mother and the father towards an adolescent. Moreover, an important factor of a family system, contributing to the development of aggression strategies of young people coping in social conflict situations, is to pass onto adolescent children the patterns of aggression strategies by the parents.
EN
The primary purpose of the survey was to attempt to determine whether the strategy of aggressively managing social conflicts by young people co-existed with their Parents aggression-biased strategy for managing these same conflicts. The causes for such coexistence (if it occurs) were sought, in particular the role model which can be assigned to the case under consideration. The author`s questionnaire for examining the parental strategy as perceived by a child and the author`s questionnaire for examining the strategy as to how young people cope with that strategy were applied in the survey. The survey was conducted on a group of 811 adolescents (414 girls and 397 boys) ages 13-15. The group included pupils from junior high schools in Wrocław and its environs. It was found that parents who apply a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of aggressive strategies used by young people. It should be noted that sex plays an important role in the modelling. Impacts made by a parent of the opposite sex which favours the strategy of aggression developed by adolescent young people was also noted.
EN
The aim of the research was to study relations between cognitive evaluation of conflict and emotional reflection of the significance of this situation and the course of one’s own actions as well as the occurrence of destructive (aggression, evasion, submission) and constructive (task oriented) strategy of coping with social conflict by youth. The study used the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) by Włodarczyk and Wrześniewski, Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TIPST) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski, and the Questionnaire to study youths’ strategies of coping in a situation of social conflict (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in secondary schools and included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The analysis of research results demonstrates that evaluation of a conflict situation in category of threat or harm/loss and reaction to it with anger or fear co-exists with tendency to react destructively to conflict by young people. The research also demonstrated that an adolescent who has found himself in a conflict situation, and who does not evaluate the situation in terms of harm/loss and reacts with curiosity to it, will use a constructive strategy to cope with such situation.
PL
Celem badań było poznanie zależności pomiędzy oceną poznawczą konfliktu i emocjonalnym odzwierciedleniem znaczenia tej sytuacji oraz przebiegu własnych działań a występowaniem destruktywnej (agresji, uniku, uległości) i konstruktywnej (zadaniowej) strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. W badaniach posłużono się Kwestionariuszem Oceny Stresu (KOS) Włodarczyk i Wrześniewskiego, Trójczynnikowym Inwentarzem Stanów i Cech Osobowości (TISCO) Spielbergera i Wrześniewskiego oraz Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSMK) Boreckiej-Biernat. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewczynek i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13–15 lat. Analiza wyników badań wskazuje, że ocena sytuacji konfliktu w kategorii zagrożenia lub krzywdy/straty oraz reagowanie na nią gniewem lub lękiem współwystępuje z tendencją do destruktywnego reagowania młodzieży na konflikt. Ponadto badania wykazały, że adolescent, który znalazł się w sytuacji konfliktu, nieoceniający tej sytuacji w kategorii krzywda/strata i reagujący na nią ciekawością, skorzysta ze strategii konstruktywnej, aby poradzić sobie z tą sytuacją.
PL
Celem badań własnych było poszukiwanie rodzinnej etiologii destruktywnych i konstruktywnych strategii radzenia sobie dorastającej młodzieży w sytuacjach społecznego konfliktu tkwiącej w postawach wychowawczych rodziców. W badaniach posłużono się kwestionariuszem PCR forma III Roe-Siegelman do badania percepcji postaw rodzicielskich i kwestionariuszem stylu rozwiązywania konfliktów (KSRK) w opracowaniu T.Wacha. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych we Wrocławiu. Objęły one 126 adolescentów (68 dziewczynek i 58 chłopców) w wieku 14-15 lat. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż destruktywny sposób reagowania młodzieży na napięcie emocjonalne powstające w sytuacjach społecznego konfliktu, kształtują niewłaściwe postawy wychowawcze, charakteryzujące się uczuciowym dystansem i uczuciową koncentracją matek i ojców w stosunku do dorastającego dziecka. Ponadto przedstawione rezultaty badań wskazują, że pozytywne relacje emocjonalne w rodzinie przepełnione akceptacją, ciepłem uczuciowym, otwartość rodziców na sprawy dziecka, uznanie swobody do aktywności oraz przejawianie szacunku dla jego indywidualności wraz z unikaniem przesadnej dyscypliny, rygoru wyposażają dziecko w konstruktywne strategie, które sprawiają, że potrafi ono racjonalnie przezwyciężać sytuacje konfliktowe.
EN
The purpose of the self study was to search for the family etiology of destructive and constructive coping strategies of adolescents stuck in the educational attitudes of their parents in social conflict situations. The study made use of the questionnaire Roe-Siegelman PCR Form III to study the perception of parental attitudes and the conflict resolution style questionnaire (CRSQ) developed by T. Wach. Empirical studies have been conducted in secondary schools in Wroclaw. These included 126 adolescents (68 girls and 58 boys) aged 14-15. In view of the performed studies it has been determined that the destructive ways of the youth responding to emotional tension arising in social conflict situations shape incorrect educative attitudes characterized by emotional distance and emotional attentiveness of mothers and fathers in relation to their adolescent child. In addition, the presented results of the study indicate that positive emotional relationships in the family filled with acceptance, emotional warmth, openness of parents to child’s affairs, recognition of the freedom of activity and manifestation of respect for their individuality with the avoidance of excessive discipline, rigor equip the child with constructive strategies that make them able to rationally overcome conflict situations.
EN
The purpose of the study was to find personality predictors of aggressive coping strategies in adolescents in situations of a social conflict. The empirical studies were conducted in junior high schools on a sample of 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The study deployed the following research tools: the Questionnaire to Study a Sense of Control (KBPK) by G. Krasowicz and A. Kurzyp-Wojnarska, the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (KOS) designed by D. Włodarczyk and K. Wrześniewski, the Spielberger Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TISCO), as well as the Questionnaire for Analyzing Coping Strategies by Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (KSMK) designed by D. Borecka-Biernat. The results of the studies indicate that a strong belief in the influence of others on positive and negative effects of events and assessment of a situation of conflict as a threat increases the implementation of the aggressive coping strategy by young people in situations of a social conflict. Participation of adolescents in a situation in which realization of their goals is under threat increases negative emotions. Aggression is a form of coping with anger experienced in a situation of a social conflict.
PL
Celem badań było poszukiwanie osobowościowych predykatorów strategii agresywnego radzenia sobie dorastającej młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewczynek i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13–15 lat. W badaniach posłużono się Kwestionariuszem do Badania Poczucia Kontroli (KBPK) G. Krasowicz i A. Kurzyp-Wojnarskiej, Kwestionariuszem Oceny Stresu (KOS) D. Włodarczyk i K.Wrześniewskiego, Trójczynnikowym Inwentarzem Stanów i Cech Osobowości (TISCO) C. Spielbergera oraz Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSMK) D. Boreckiej-Biernat. Wyniki badań wskazują, że silne przekonanie o wpływie innych na pozytywne i negatywne skutki zdarzeń, ocena sytuacji konfliktu w kategorii zagrożenia nasila strategię agresji radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Uczestnictwo adolescentów w sytuacji zagrożenia realizacji własnych dążeń wzmaga emocje negatywne. Agresja stanowi formę radzenia sobie z gniewem odczuwanym w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego.
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of self-esteem and locus of control in generating in the youth an aggressive coping strategy in a social conflict situation. The study made use of a proprietary questionnaire to study the coping strategy of youth in a social conflict situation (KSMK), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and the questionnaire to Study the Locus of Control (KBPK) created by G. Krasowicz and A. Kurzyp-Wojnarska. Empirical studies were carried out in junior high schools [Polish: gimnazjum] in Wroclaw and the surrounding area. They involved 811 adolescents (414 girls and 397 boys) aged 13 – 15. In the light of the performed studies it was stated that low general selfesteem in youth and strong belief in the influence of others on positive or negative effects of events play a particular role in the choice of aggressive strategy of young people to cope in a social confl ictsituation.
EN
The study aimed to determine the personality indicators of the avoidant coping strategy in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (adapted by I. Dzwonkowska, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, and M. Łaguna), the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Oceny Stresu, KOS) designed by D. Włodarczyk and K. Wrześniewski, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) created by Borecka-Biernat (2012). The empirical research was conducted in middle schools on 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13 to 15. An analysis of the research results indicates that a young person’s low assessment of own abilities and the assessment of a situation of conflict as a threat or harm/loss co-occur with the avoidant coping strategy in situations of social conflict.
EN
Aim. The aim of the research was to search for a family etiology of aggressive strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents, which are inherent in the aggressive model of their parents’ responses to a social conflict situation. Methods. Danuta Borecka-Biernat’s Questionnaire on parents’ strategies for coping with a social conflict situation (KSRwSK) and Borecka-Biernat’s Questionnaire on studying strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents (KSMK) were applied in our research. Empirical studies were conducted in junior high schools. They covered 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13-15 years. Results. The analysis of the research material showed that the mother and father are perceived as those who use an aggressive strategy in situations which hinder the achievement of goals and contribute to the modelling of a strategy of aggressive behaviour in children, which is used by them in a social conflict situation.
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 1
213-229
EN
The aim of the research was to search for personality and family predictors of avoidance strategies for coping with social conflict situations in adolescents. The analysis of the research material showed that a conflict situation perceived as a threat or harm/loss coexisted with a strategy of avoidance in coping with a social conflict situation in adolescents. It was also found that a parent using a strategy based on avoidance in a social conflict situation contributes to modelling such a strategy for adolescents.
PL
Celem badań było poszukiwanie osobowościowych i rodzinnych predyktorów strategii unikowego radzenia sobie dorastającej młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Analiza materiału badawczego wykazała, że sytuacja konfliktu postrzegana jako zagrożenie lub krzywda/strata współwystępuje ze strategią unikowego radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Okazało się również, że rodzic stosujący w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego strategię opartą na unikaniu przyczynia się do modelowania u młodzieży strategii unikowego radzenia sobie w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego.
PL
Celem badań było poszukiwanie osobowościowych i rodzinnych predyktorów strategii agresywnego radzenia sobie dorastającej młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewcząt i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13–15 lat. Wyniki badań wskazują, że ocena sytuacji konfliktu jako zagrożenie, wyższa ocena właściwości fizycznych u młodego człowieka, silne przekonanie o wpływie innych na pozytywne i negatywne skutki zdarzeń oraz reagowanie gniewem w sytuacjach interpersonalnych stwarzających zagrożenie dla „ja”, współwystępuje ze strategią agresywnego radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego. A oprócz tego analiza wyników badań wykazała, że agresywny sposób reagowania młodzieży na napięcie emocjonalne, powstający w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego, kształtuje niewłaściwa postawa wychowawcza charakteryzująca się uczuciowym dystansem rodzica w stosunku do dorastającego dziecka oraz agresywny wzór reagowania rodziców na konflikt. 
EN
The purpose of this study was to search for personality and family predictors of adolescents’ strategy for aggressive coping with a social conflict situation. The empirical research was carried out on 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13 to 15. The research results show that the evaluation of a conflict as a threat, a higher evaluation of physical properties in a young person, a strong belief in the influence of others on positive and negative effects of events, and responding with anger in interpersonal situations posing a threat to “I” coincide with the aggressive strategy for adolescents’ coping with a social conflict situation. Moreover, the analysis of the research results shows that the adolescents’ aggressive way of reacting to emotional tension, which occurs in a social conflict situation, results from an inappropriate attitude in their upbringing that is characterized by a parent’s emotional distance toward an adolescent child and the aggressive model of parents’ reacting to a conflict.
EN
Based on the assumption that cultural orientations affect interpersonal conflicts, the study examined conflict styles across two national cultures of neighboring European countries, i.e. Lithuania and Poland. Whereas Poland and Lithuania score relatively high in terms of individualism, they differ in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity. For the research purposes, a conflict resolving style questionnaire was applied, which was prepared by T. Wach according to the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. The questionnaire was administered to 520 participants aged 13–15. Conflict style comparisons demonstrated that the Lithuanians chose dominating and accommodating styles more often than the Polish did, and the Polish chose integrating more often than the Lithuanians. The research findings can be a valuable source in predicting conflict resolution patterns.
EN
The aim of this research is to evaluate the emotions that generate constructive and destructive strategies for coping in social conflict situations by adolescents. Studies based on C. Spielberger’s ThreeFactor Personality States and Traits Inventory (TISCO), adapted by K. Wrześniewski, and K. Thomas’ and R. Kilmann’s Conflict Resolution Style Questionnaire (CRSQ), adapted by T. Wach (Dąbrowski 1991), were used for the empirical study done in 2014 on students from Polish gymnasium schools in Vilnius. Adolescent students (131 girls and 126 boys) ranging from age 1315 years were chosen. Base on the analysis of the study material collected, one can say that adolescents applying destructive strategies in social conflict situations, demonstrate high level of negative emotions. Adolescents who constructively steer their behaviour in a social conflict situation are characterized with a higher level of positive emotions. The data from current studies suggests that youths using cooperation strategies in social conflict situations, exhibit higher emotional tension of curiosity, as a trait. Studies conducted show that during the age of adolescence, boys deal with emotionsactivating social conflict situations better than girls, as more often they seek mutual understanding with partners rather than resolving disputable issues.
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