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PL
W powieści Matka jawi się równolegle dwuwymiarowa kreacja drogi: w ujęciu fizycznym oraz w ujęciu metaforycznym. W kreacji drogi Ignacy Maciejowski wykorzystał kontrast: droga do miasta – droga zła, czarna, z demonami, trudna, męcząca, z zacierającym się celem, a droga do domu – do wsi, do sielanki, do swoich. Ważną rolę w obrazowaniu pokonywanej trasy odgrywają opisy przyrody, która stanowi uzupełnienie kreacji różnych etapów drogi, jak i oddziałuje na emocje, przeżycia i odczucia głównej bohaterki powieści. Elementem kreującym drogę w analizowanej powieści są także barwy. Pisarz wykorzystuje paletę – od ciemnej, czarnej do białej i jej odcieni, sporadycznie wykorzystując barwę niebieską, granatową, czerwoną, różową. Droga pokonywana przez matkę jest miejscem sakralnym, przestrzenią, którą można pokonać z Bożą pomocą.
EN
In the novel Matka a parallel, two-dimensional creation of a road can be observed – physical and metaphoric. In the creation of a road Maciejowski used the contrast between the road to the town – which is bad, black, demons-infested, difficult, tiresome, with blurring destination, and the road home – to the village, to the idyll, to one’s own folks. The descriptions of nature play a significant role in the imaging of the covered distance. They complement the creation of the different stages of the road, and affect the emotions, feelings, and experiences of the main character of the novel. The colours are also a factor used for creating a road in the Sewer’s novel. The writer uses a palette of colours – from a dark, black to white and it’s shadows, and occasionally blue, navy-blue, red and pink. A road covered by the mother is a sacred place, a space which can be travelled with the divine help.
EN
In his novel Matka [Mother], Ignacy Maciejowski creates an image of a traditional Polish family – Magda and Szymon Porębski and their three children: a daughter, Marysia, and two sons, Władek and Antek. The children have a healthy relationship with each other, which is reflected, above all, by mutual caring, support, and compassion. The family relation-ships depicted by the author are not only positive, traditional, appropriate and correct, but also stereotypical. The family ties are nurtured and strengthened at home, which brings together all generations, promotes tradition, soothes a savage breast, and is the centre of a small 19th-century peasant community like the Porębskis. The image of family relationships depicted in the novel Matka [Mother] by Ignacy Maciejowski represents one Polish proverb: Bez rodziny, ni domu niepotrzebnyś nikomu [Without your family or home, you are nobody].
PL
Z wezwań litanijnych i przywoływanych w nich Maryjnych imion wybrzmiewa podziw wobec wyjątkowej roli Matki Bożej w historii zbawienia oraz wdzięczność za Jej współuczestnictwo w życiu i misji Chrystusa. Różnorodność wezwań – jak zaznacza autor zbioru – ukazuje duchowe piękno Maryi, relację do Trójcy Świętej i do Kościoła, przede wszystkim zaś kreuje Maryję jako bliską każdemu człowiekowi i wszelkiemu stworzeniu pośredniczkę, opiekunkę, wstawienniczkę i pocieszycielkę oraz jako wzorzec kobiety i matki. W analizowanym zbiorze litanii odnajdujemy łącznie 655 nazwań Matki Bożej w 873 użyciach, do których zaliczamy: imię Maryja, formy Maria oraz Madonna oraz konstrukcje, których komponentem są wyżej wymienione imiona.
EN
Invocations in litanies and Mary’s names called upon therein resound with an admiration of the exceptional role of Mother of God in the history of salvation and gratitude for her co‑participation in the life and mission of Christ. The diversity of invocations – as it is pointed out by the author of the collection – reveals Mary’s spiritual beauty, the relationship with the Holy Trinity and the Church, but most of all it creates Mary as being close to each human and each living creature, a guardian, who has intercession for our salvation, comforter and as a paragon of woman and mother. This collection of litanies presents a total of 655 invocations of Mother of God in 873 uses which comprise: the name of Mary, forms of Mary and Madonna as well as structures that have hese names as their constituents.
EN
Examining the linguistic picture of the world is a major field of research in Slavic linguistics, whose aim is the analysis of experience, norms, rules and value judgements assigned to interpersonal communication – with regard to their reflection in lexis, phraseology or literature. We aim to present and assess the ways of linguistic picturing of the terms Byzantium and Byzantine over the years of their presence in the lexis; i.e. since their early conceptualisations in the Polish language and culture to the present day, thus in the diachronic and synchronic perspective. The research involves various styles of the Polish language: basic, careful (scientific, artistic, religious) and colloquial, with reference to anthropocentric perception of the reality and its linguistic interpretation. In the research process, we used the methods of excerption, analysis and synthesis, as well as an interview.
EN
Published in 1672 in Poznań by the Wdowa y Dziedzice Woyciecha Regulusa printing house, Skarb nieprzebrany [Infinite treasure] by Rev. Jan K. Steczewicz is dedicated to the picture of the Virgin Mary in Rokitno, an image credited with numerous miracles. The author aims to describe the miracles credited to Our Lady of Rokitno and the history of the painting kept in the border area of Polonia Major. Rev. Steczewicz describes both the merciful image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Rokitno, now referred to as Mother of God Listening Patiently, and the testimonies of miracles that happened through her intercession. Believers seek comfort, consolation and support from the Mother of God Listening Patiently for themselves and their loved ones as a last resort, when they face death, severe disease, or a life-threatening experience. The author reveals first-person accounts from numerous direct and indirect witnesses to the described events. Their testimonies are of both documentary and cultural value, providing an insight into the realities of the border area in 17th-century western Poland.
EN
The status of the father in today's world is quite complicated. Still, the overall public perception of fathers is very positive. The way today's society perceives the mother is not very different from her stereotypical image created over the centuries. The image of the fictitious multi-generation family from Grabina featured in the M jak miłość show addresses the expectations of its fans and becomes an unattainable dream model for many. With its indispensable elements such as a front porch overgrown with vine and ivy or the smell of home-made cake and apples, the Mostowiaks' home resembles the traditional Polish household like the one depicted in Adam Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz or On the Banks of the Neman by Eliza Orzeszkowa. On a personal level, the TV series allows the viewers to see the Mostowiak family through the lens of their own experiences and expectations, bringing back memories of their own homes or providing a substitute for a family nest they never had. Such transfer is impossible in the case of the other analysed shows: Klan and Barwy szczęścia.
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