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Podstawowe możliwości analityczne modelu CCR-DEA

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PL
W artykule omówiono możliwości analityczne podstawowego i klasycznego profilu metod DEA – model CCR. Scharakteryzowano m.in. tradycyjne i stosowane w Polsce sposoby ustalania technologii optymalnej i benchmarkingu dla obiektów nieefektywnych. Zaproponowano także, między innymi, „ekonomiczną” interpretację rozwiązania optymalnego zadania oraz sposób ustalania struktury technologii docelowej.
EN
The article describes some analytical applications of the basic DEA model – CCR model proposed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes [2]. The author presents elementary DEA profiles, terminology, ideas and some traditional ways of determining the optimal technology for inefficient objects and benchmarking and estimating the type and size of returns to scale. The evaluation of input excess and output shortage is also described. In this context, the author suggests an economic interpretation of the optimal solution of the CCR model as a task that consists of creating virtual technology of a given set of objects. The author also presents how to determine the structure of a target and optimal technology and indicates the way of using simplex reports in sensitivity analysis of the solution to the CCR model. All these reflections are illustrated by a real-life DEA problem that concerns bank efficiency.
PL
Celem autora artykułu jest zaprezentowanie głównych możliwości analitycznych modelu superefficiency (nadefektywności) CCR, zaproponowanego przez Andersena i Petersena [1], Bankera i Gilforda [2] oraz Charnsa i innych [4]. Oprócz klasycznych analiz, spotykanych w literaturze przedmiotu, sformułowano też propozycję prostego testu jednorodności obiektów oraz metodykę określania konkurentów obiektów i ustalania struktury konkurencji technologicznej. Podstawą rozważań jest ukierunkowany na nakłady standardowy model nadefektywności CCR, w skrócie SE-CCR. Należy dodać, że wyniki dotyczące modelu SE-CCR przenoszą się praktycznie bez większych zmian na inne modele nadefektywności.
EN
This article presents the super-efficiency model (SE-CCR), which is one of the most important modifications of the classic CCR model, and describes the main analytical capabilities of the SE-CCR model. Some of these capabilities are direct equivalents to the capabilities of the CCR model, e.g. defining benchmarks, identifying types of scale economies for inefficient objects, constructing target technologies, using simplex reports in the sensitivity analysis of the solution proposed by the SE-CCR model. Other analytical capabilities of the SE-CCR model are specific to the super-efficiency model. Since the SE-CCR model is a generalization of the CCR model, it provides more information and is more general than the classical approach. Everything that can be done using the CCR model can also be achieved by the SE-CCR model. In particular, the super-efficiency approach enables the construction of a full ranking of all objects (hence, also the efficient ones) and to identify the strongest competitors in a group of efficient objects. The author describes two types of efficiency in the super-efficiency approach – classical, which is called θ-efficiency (Farrell’s efficiency), and so-called ρ-efficiency. The author also suggests how to determine the significance of technology competitors with respect to a given object and how to determine the structure of technology competition. A simple method for testing the homogeneity of a given group of objects with regard to their efficiency is also provided.
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