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The article illustrates development of basic communal facilities in towns, and namely: urban transport and road-building, water-supply and sewage systems, heat engineering, urban recreational areas, and sanitation services. The above facilities are usually listed among the communal infrastructure. Against the background of the communal structure development in the world and in Poland, the author described the development and the present situation in the communal infrastructure in Lodz and other towns belonging to the administrative province of Lodz.
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EN
The author analyzes development of management forms of the communal economy starting from the First World War till 1908. He presents organization of exploitation and supervision in the communal and housing economy. There are also discussed determinants affecting organization of the central authorities, the administrative province supervision organs, and communal economic units. Against the background of solutions adopted In Poland, the author analyzes development of management forms of the communal and housing economy in the city of Lodz, and as from 1975 - in the administrative province of Lodz. Activities of the people’s councils and of the territorial self management have been presented from the viewpoint of their influence on organization of units executing communal economic tasks, and mainly enterprises.
EN
Against the background of the organizational situation in Polsnd the article discusses solutions adopted in the administrative province of Lodz. It describes in a bigger detail directly production activities, scope and other forms of activity of the Regional Management of Urban Roads in Lodz. A major barrier to development of the communal road-bilding system are financial and technical resources. The local authorities owing to fees collected for use of roads have a possibility of increasing their financial resources.
EN
The article analyzes the functioning and development of the communal economy in towns of Sieradz Administrative Province during the period 1976-1985. The activity of communal economy is largely dependent upon a model of settlement network, development of infrastructure, and organizational system of administrative and economic units. Ihe analysis performed by the authors points at major fluctuations in organizational solutions both of structural and detailed character. The present model is of a mixed character, because there can be seen both a tendency towards branch concentration and territorial concentration. The presented stastical data confirm a process of gradual equalization of disproportions existing in development of communal facilities in towns and degree to which needs are satisfied. There exist, however, significant disharmonies and differentiations, and it should be a primary concern of the local and provincial authorities to eliminate them.
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