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EN
The author discusses the process of the evolution of regionalism in Poland, rooting its beginnings in the early 19th century and concluding his analysis with the political transformation in Poland after 1989. He presents the ideological principles and different manifestations ofregionalism, as well as the typical trends influencing the transformations of regionalism at the turn of the 19th century. The core of regionalism remained unchanged in this period, and its founding principles, objectives and activities are both approved and continued in modern times.
PL
Autor omówił proces ewolucji regionalizmu w Polsce, osadzając jego pierwociny na progu XIX wieku, a kończąc analizę na transformacji systemowej Polski po 1989 roku. Przedstawiono założenia ideowe i różne formy wyrazu regionalizmu, a także charakterystyczne tendencje, które wywierały wpływ na jego przeobrażenia na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. W tym czasie istota regionalizmu pozostawała jednak niezmienna, a jego założenia, cele i działania sąrównież akceptowane i kontynuowane współcześnie.
EN
This paper presents the tradition and development of regionalist periodicals and publications in Wielkopolska from the end of World War II to 1989. The author refers to the rich traditions of this type of publication dating back to the period of Prussian partition and the inter-war period. He indicates the socio-political conditions of regionalist publications in post-war Poland which actually limited its development. He exemplifies the achievements of social and cultural, scientific, and tourist associations as well as state institutions in maintaining regionalist publications from the post-war period to the socio-political transformation of 1989.
EN
The author focuses on an attempt to define the idea of the patriotism of Wielkopolska, referring to the achievements of academia, literature and periodicals of the nineteenth/twentieth centuries, mainly from the region of Wielkopolska. He embeds the concept of the patriotism of the inhabitants of Wielkopolska in the concept of regionalism, in particular Wielkopolska regionalism, whose programmatic foundations and practice under Prussian partition were specific to this region.
PL
Autor skupił się na próbie zdefiniowania idei patriotyzmu wielkopolskiego, korzystając z dorobku nauki, literatury i czasopiśmiennictwa XIX/XX wieku, głównie z Wielkopolski. Osadził pojęcie patriotyzmu Wielkopolan na tle idei regionalizmu, w szczególności regionalizmu wielkopolskiego, którego podstawy programowe i praktyka w warunkach zaboru pruskiego były specyficzne dla tego regionu.
EN
The author approaches the institution of local government as a factor that supports the development of culture, and pays particular attention to the need to support regional periodicals. The issue under analysis is discussed within the framework of the cultural role of local government. Significant reasons for the advantageous involvement of local government in the development of a region’s culture, both individual and social, are discussed. The significant role of regional periodicals in shaping regional identity and advancing local governance is also discussed. Consequently, regional periodicals are defined as a special kind of public good which should enjoy the protection and support of local government.
PL
Autor potraktował instytucję samorządu terytorialnego w kategoriach czynnika wspierającego rozwój kultury, zwracając w szczególności uwagę na potrzebę wsparcia działalności czasopism o charakterze regionalistycznym. Badane zagadnienie osadzono na płaszczyźnie funkcji kulturowej samorządu terytorialnego. Wskazano na istotne, zarówno jednostkowe, jak i społeczne, przyczyny pozytywnej ingerencji samorządu terytorialnego w rozwój kultury regionu. Omówiono także ważną rolę czasopism regionalistycznych w kształtowaniu tożsamości regionu oraz rozwoju samorządności terytorialnej. W rezultacie zdefiniowano czasopismo regionalistyczne jako szczególnego rodzaju dobro publiczne, którego działalność powinna uzyskać ochronę i wsparcie samorządu terytorialnego.
EN
The author presents the analysis of the current territorial structure of Wielkopolska as a potential research field for studies into the local press market and its trends. The contents of the paper comprise a demographic and territorial description of Wielkopolska, including an analysis of the six sub-regions distinguished on the basis of the European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). The purpose of the paper is to collect information to support the analysis, generalization and comparative examination of the development of the local press in specific areas, and the general presentation of demographic, territorial, socio-economic and cultural conditions. The composition of local press markets depends on such factors as the size and structure of populations, including the proportions of non-productive population (both pre-, and post-production age groups), population density, the rate of urbanization, economic status and levels of unemployment, income, development of educational, cultural, sporting and recreational facilities, historical transformations, including changes in territorial and administrative affiliation, and local press traditions.
EN
The paper touches upon the issue of media behavior in the market of public communication and the epistemological determinants of the process of media imaging of political reality. Consequently, it becomes feasible to distinguish two types ofmessages: one focused on information and the other concentrated on overt or covert persuasion. Thus, the author emphasizes the ritual function of the media, which meets the needs of average recipients as well as those of commercialized media. Therefore a certain interaction ritual of the media that takes place between them and their audience points to the media as entities dynamically responding to changing circumstances and aware of their own potential to create reality.
EN
The author reflects on the issue of epistemological limitations in the process of media imaginings of political reality. Using reference theory and description theory the author tries to answer the question of what makes up the image of political reality as verbalized in media coverage. His conclusion is that attempts to reflect the factual image in the media presentation of politics produce a specific politico-journalistic construction of this reality, the apparent reality. Therefore, the category of truth in media communications concerning the field of poli- tics usually fails. One should thus expect that this traditional realism, which is expressed on the one hand by the factual nature of the media, and on the other by the morality of the media, will constitute a pillar that supports the image of political reality that is presented, interpreted and commented on in the media. In principle, this should not be a naïve realism, giving priority to individual cognitive spontaneity rather than to reflection, analysis and experience, or a spiritual realism seeking the truth about reality through human spirituality.
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EN
The paper deals with the relation between the mission of local press and the market where this press operates and functions. This relation sometimes results in social tensions, or even conflicts. It should be borne in mind that the expectations of the market may have influence on the notion of mission and vice versa. It is important to answer the following question in this context: What is the influence these factors exert on local press? The mission and market are two categories that have a very different influence on the responsibilities of local press. The mission calls for general social objectives to be fulfilled. The market on the other hand encourages commercial and individual tasks.
EN
The author has concentrated on the idea of a socio-cultural regionalism, which is depicted in terms of historical-axiological reminiscences. He has emphasised the enormous cultural potential of this idea, which is not sufficiently used in the practice of local governments. He presented the approach of regionalism as an important value in the modern state, which forces the search for consensus and tolerance between people of different values living together in a pluralistic and democratic state, which is also a kind of community of values.
PL
Autor zajął się ideą regionalizmu społeczno-kulturalnego, którą zobrazował w kategoriach reminiscencji historyczno-aksjologicznych. Wskazał na olbrzymi potencjał kulturowy tej idei, która jest niedostatecznie wykorzystywana w praktyce samorządu terytorialnego. Zaprezentował ujęcie regionalizmu jako ważnej wartości we współczesnym państwie, która wymusza tolerancję i poszukiwanie konsensu pomiędzy ludźmi różnych wartości, żyjących razem w pluralistycznym i demokratycznym państwie, czyli także w swoistej wspólnocie wartości.
PL
The paper contains the author’s considerations on the methodological foundations for the examination of the content of local press. In discussing the content of local press, the author places it in the grid of linguistic as well as politological, sociological and psychological paradigms. He presents the structure of local press content and its criteria, the form of press materials, their topics, division into press genres, the attitude of press materials to reality, and its assessment and evaluation. The paper is concluded with considerations into the territorial aspects of press materials.
EN
The author characterizes the examples of periodicals published by the PatrioticMovement for National Rebirth (PRON) in the then Poznań Region from 1983 to1989. The following monthlies were among them: “Echa Opalenickie (1983–1989), “Głos Śremski” (1984–1989), “Kórniczanin” (1988–1989), “Wiadomości Grodziskie” (1986–1989), “Wiadomości Nowotomyskie” (1986–1989), and a bi-monthly “Ziemia Szamotulska” (1988–1989). The author presents their founders, tasks and content as well as selected authors of materials published.
PL
Autor scharakteryzował przykładowe czasopisma Patriotycznego Ruchu Odrodzenia Narodowego (PRON), jakie ukazywały się w dawnym województwie poznańskim w latach 1983–1989. Należały do nich następujące miesięczniki: „Echa Opalenickie” (1983–1989), „Głos Śremski” (1984–1989), „Kórniczanin (1988–1989), „Wiadomości Grodziskie” (1986–1989), „Wiadomości Nowotomyskie” (1986–1989), oraz dwumiesięcznik „Ziemia Szamotulska (1988–1989). Przedstawił inicjatorów tych wydawnictw oraz ich cele, zadania i zawartość, a także niektórych autorów materiałów prasowych.
EN
The author is of opinion that contemporary local press publications should focus on providing their readers with current information, whatever the distribution channel (print, the Internet, mobile news). This requires certain financial outlays, appropriate professional personnel, and the correct legal form to perform publishing activities and organize the publishing house efficiently. In the author’s opinion the current situation on the press publishing market requires a combination of traditional media with modern anderactive.
EN
The author deals with the issue of the positioning of local media in a local information system. He considers this issue from the perspective of media studies and refers to the results of surveys carried out over the past twenty years, that is after 1989. The paper intends to present selected areas of the analysis of local media as an important participant in dialogue and a forum for the exchange of arguments in a local information system. The author emphasizes the social and political consequences of two fundamental paradigms of the functioning of local media, namely freedom of speech and accountability for one’s words, which are considered not only in terms of the execution of the right to access information, but also in terms of the social responsibility of the media for the information they disseminate.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia interdyscyplinarnego charakteru regionalizmu. Autor wskazuje przykłady interdyscyplinarności regionalizmu jako obszaru zainteresowania poznawczego oraz praktyki społecznej. Dlatego przedstawia szereg definicji regionalizmu, które są usytuowane w różnych perspektywach poznawczych, na przykład: antropologii, architektury i urbanistyki, ekonomii i gospodarki regionu, etnografii, historii, języka i literatury regionu, kultury regionu, politologii, socjologii, turystyki i krajoznawstwa. Autor odnosi się również do osobliwego związku, jaki zachodzi po- między zbiorowością a regionem, wskazując na jego zasadnicze cechy, do których zalicza: 1) przywiązanie do regionu (więź terytorialna, więź mentalna); 2) wartości regionu (aksjologia regionalna, symbolika regionu, autorytety regionalne, historia regionu, regionalizmy językowe); 3) kulturę regionalną (obyczaje i zwyczaje regionalne, obrzędowość regionalna, regionalna twórczość artystyczna i naukowa, folklor regionalny, czasopisma regionalistyczne); 4) identyfikację z regionem (świadomość regionalna, tożsamość regionalna); 5) działalność na rzecz regionu (aktywność regionalna, w tym aktywność na polu gospodarczym, która wspiera rozwój regionu).  
EN
This paper analyzes the transformation of the Polish local press in the 1990’s. The author begins by outlining the situation of both the legal and the underground press in the 1980’s. He describes the political, social, economic and legal determiners of the transformation and the main factors affecting the changes of that time. Next he analyzes the quantitative growth in the number of titles, their frequency, circulation and range as well as the profiles of their publishers. Finally, he discusses the most significant aspects of transformation of the local press, including the issue of concentration and monopolization of the local press, competition between the publishers and the influence of technology and IT in particular on these media. The author also observes the adverse changes of the media related to the increasingly common brutality and vulgarity of the language.
PL
This paper analyzes the transformation of the Polish local press in the 1990’s. The author begins by outlining the situation of both the legal and the underground press in the 1980’s. He describes the political, social, economic and legal determiners of the transformation and the main factors affecting the changes of that time. Next he analyzes the quantitative growth in the number of titles, their frequency, circulation and range as well as the profiles of their publishers. Finally, he discusses the most significant aspects of transformation of the local press, including the issue of concentration and monopolization of the local press, competition between the publishers and the influence of technology and IT in particular on these media. The author also observes the adverse changes of the media related to the increasingly common brutality and vulgarity of the language.
EN
The Author explains that the research into local press is mainly concerned with the departure from political, economic or manufacturing matters which are superseded by the problems of ordinary people. It is usually emphasized that the general outlook of local press is predominantly affected by three types of problems: social, cultural and sporting, with a particular stress on the historical aspect. The private commercial press is becoming dominated by issues concerning crime and scandals, sports and entertainment, and advertising and announcements as evidenced by an increasing proportion of these topics in the total volume of publications under consideration. However, in magazines which are produced by local governments the main topics concern the initiatives, importance and functions of local governments which makes these publications resemble popular notice bulletins.
EN
The paper reflects on the issue of the epistemological limitations present in the process of the imaging of political reality in the media in Poland. Referring to the theories of reference and of description, the author tries to answer the question of what the image of political reality expressed in the media coverage consists of. He concludes that, apart from the attempt to reflect factual reality in the image of politics presented by the media, there emerges a particular journalistic and political construct of this reality, which is an apparent reality. Therefore, the category of truth usually fails in media communications concerning the field of politics. It can therefore be expected that traditional realism, which finds expression in the factuality of the media on the one hand and their morality on the other, will provide two pillars to support the image of political reality which is presented, interpreted and commented on in the media. This should not, in principle, be naïve realism, which promotes the cognitive spontaneity of an individual over reflection and analysis, or spiritual realism, which seeks the truth about reality solely in human spirituality.
PL
Artykuł porusza problematykę ograniczeń teoriopoznawczych występujących w procesie medialnego obrazowania rzeczywistości politycznej w Polsce. Autor korzystając z teorii referencji i teorii deskrypcji próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie z czego się składa obraz rzeczywistości politycznej werbalizowanej w przekazie medialnym. W rezultacie dochodzi do wniosku, że w medialnym obrazie polityki obok próby odwzorowania rzeczywistości faktualnej pojawia się specyficzna dziennikarsko-polityczna konstrukcja tej rzeczywistości, a mianowicie rzeczywistość pozorna. Dlatego kategoria prawdy w komunikacji medialnej dotyczącej sfery politycznej zwykle zawodzi. Stąd też należy oczekiwać, że tradycyjny realizm, którego wyrazem jest z jednej strony faktualność mediów, z drugiej zaś moralność mediów, będą stanowiły rodzaj filarów, na których powinien się wznosić obraz rzeczywistości politycznej przedstawianej, interpretowanej i komentowanej w mediach. W zasadzie jednak nie powinien to być realizm naiwny, który spontaniczności poznawczej jednostki daje pierwszeństwo przed refleksją, analizą, doświadczeniem, ani realizm spirytualistyczny, który jedynie w duchowości człowieka upatruje prawdy o rzeczywistości.
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