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Difficult Beginnings: The Problem Concerning the Restoration of Diplomatic Relations between Poland and Japan after World War II

100%

Rutkowska E.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

2016

issue 29

147-163

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the process leading to the reestablishment of official relations between Poland and Japan after War World II. The authoress intends to present this process on the basis of unknown and unpublished primary sources, in Japanese and in Polish. There has been no research on this topic, despite the fact it is important also in its regional and global role, in the context of processes taking place in Europe, Asia and around the world. Bilateral relations between Poland and Japan were broken off on 11 December 1941, after Japan engaged in Asia-Pacific war. After the war, the Iron Curtain was falling deeper between East and West, the division between the two camps was becoming vivid. Post-war Poland found itself in the zone of Eastern influence, totally dependent on the USSR. This dependence naturally included Polish foreign policy also towards Japan. Greater possibilities for negotiations appeared after the death of Stalin (1953) and from that point the talks on reestablishing diplomatic relations were intensified.

Odpowiedzialność zbywcy za produkt niebezpieczny sprowadzony przez niego do Polski z innego państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej

63%

Rutkowska E., Trabszys B.

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny

2016

vol. 5

issue 8

82-92

The article presents the problem of the incompatibility of the manner of the implementation of the term ‘importer’ into Polish law with respect to the issue of liability for a hazardous product with the provisions of Directive 374/85, and the problems which arise as a result with regard to liability of sellers bringing a product into Poland from another EU Member State. The article provides a proposal for the interpretation of the term ‘importer’ under Article 4495 § 2 of the Civil Code, until the necessary legislative change is made that would ensure the compliance of the Polish law with Directive 374/85.

Artykuł przedstawia problem niezgodnej z przepisami dyrektywy 374/85 implementacji pojęcia „importer” przez polskie przepisy dotyczące odpowiedzialności za produkt niebezpieczny oraz problemów, jakie w rezultacie tego powstają w przypadku odpowiedzialności zbywców sprowadzających produkt z innego państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej. W artykule zaprezentowano postulat dotyczący wykładni pojęcia „importer” na gruncie art. 4495 § 2 kodeksu cywilnego do czasu dokonania niezbędnej ingerencji legislacyjnej w celu zapewnienia zgodności polskiego prawa z dyrektywą 374/85.

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1 Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

1 internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny

2 Rutkowska E.

1 Trabszys B.

2 2016

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Difficult Beginnings: The Problem Concerning the Restoration of Diplomatic Relations between Poland and Japan after World War II

Odpowiedzialność zbywcy za produkt niebezpieczny sprowadzony przez niego do Polski z innego państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej