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PL
W prezentowanym artykule autor porusza tematykę dotyczącą cyberbezpieczeństwa, ukazując to zjawisko z perspektywy jednego z najsilniejszych w tym aspekcie krajów – Chin. Państwo Środka uważane jest za jedno z trzech najsilniejszych cybermocarstw oprócz USA oraz Federacji Rosyjskiej. Analiza wybranych obszarów działalności ChRL jest oparta zarówno na wskazaniu metod organizacyjnych, instytucjonalnych oraz strategicznych w odniesieniu do potencjału defensywnego i ofensywnego, jak i na przedstawieniu najczęściej wykorzystywanych narzędzi technologicznych. Autor w swoim studium stara się wskazać na różnice między podejściem do omawianej problematyki realizowanym m.in. w krajach NATO a Chińską Republiką Ludową, dokonując próby określenia efektywniejszych rozwiązań. Całość analizy jest uzupełniona informacjami dotyczącymi grupy Comment Crew posądzanej o realizację zleceń dla rządu w Pekinie oraz przedstawieniem wybranych specjalistów przeprowadzających ataki o charakterze szpiegowskim.
EN
In the article the author raises the subject of cybersecurity – from the perspective of one of the most advanced in this aspect countries – China. It is considered as one of three cyber powers alongside with Russian Federation and U.S. The analysis of chosen areas of activity of PRC is based on organizational, institutional and strategic methods in relation to defensive and offensive potential, as well as the most commonly used technological tools. In this study the author tries to point differences between approaches of NATO countries and PRC with attempt for identifying efficient solutions. The whole analysis is supplemented with data on hacker group Comment Crew which carries out missions for the government in Bejing but also on chosen experts, who are thought to prepare cyber espionage attacks.
EN
Information about problems of new pensioners related to submitting appropriate documentation accepted by the Social Insurance Institution (Polish: Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, ZUS) appeared in the media practically simultaneously with the introduction of the pensions reform. These issues have often been subject to numerous questions at the Parliament. In response to such information, NIK conducted an audit of the effectiveness of the system for storing personal and remuneration documentation of employers. The audit examined whether the system allowed the citizens to realise their right to pensions for their work before 1999 in work places that do not operate nowadays. The audit covered, among others, performance of duties related to storing of and access to such documentation by the Chief Director of State Archives (Polish: Naczelny Dyrektor Archiwów Państwowych, NDAP) and by the governors of regions, the activities that these bodies undertaken in relation to establishing where this documentation is stored and the effectiveness of those activities, as well as the realisation by ZUS of the right to pension benefits of persons employed before 1999 in work places that do not exist any longer.
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