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The Impact of Immediate Verbal Feedback on Swimming Effectiveness

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Zatoń K., Szczepan S.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2013
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vol. 59
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issue 1
60-71
EN
The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of immediate verbal feedback on swimming effectiveness. Swimming effectiveness was expressed in the subjects reaching their objective, i.e., maximum swimming velocity. The study involved 64 subjects divided into two groups (experimental group n=32; control group n=32). Two measurements - initial (pre-test) and final (post-test) - were conducted. The subjects swam a distance of 25 m front crawl at maximum velocity. The experimental groups received immediate verbal feedback focused on stroke lengthening, as a shorter stroke length is regarded as the most common reason behind lower swimming velocity. From this perspective, lengthening the stroke is important due to its relation with mechanics and energetics in all styles of swimming. The control group received no verbal feedback. All tests were recorded via video cameras (50 samples·s-1). The analysis of the kinematic movement parameters (horizontal average swimming velocity over 15m, time achieved over 15m) was carried out by means of the SIMI Reality Motion Systems 2D software. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements with a Tukey’s test demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the tested groups in the case of the kinematic parameters measured in the study. Immediate verbal feedback (IVF) caused an increase of the average horizontal swimming velocity by 2.92% (0.04 m·s-1). Consequently, the average time needed by the swimmers to cover the distance (15m) decreased by 2.94% (0.36s). The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method of teaching and improving the swimming technique using IVF.
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Aktywność fizyczna a zdrowie

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Zatoń K., Zatoń K.
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
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2014
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vol. 45
34-40
EN
„Physical activity is a key and a integral factor of healthy life style. It is impossible to plan health strategy without it or its development or maintenance and amongst children – correct growth. Lack of physical activity is the main and autonomous risk factor of vascular diseases” (Drabik 1996, s. 215). At this point it becomes important to acknowledge the definition of homeostasis put forward by W. Cannon (1932) in the thirties. This definition mostly refers to autoregulation of biological processes. In general it stands for internal and external balance of human body that can be changed by physical exercises.
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