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1

WITOLD HENSEL - 90th BIRTHDAY (Witold Hensel - 90 rocznica urodzin)

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Kobylinska U.

Archeologia Polski

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2008

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vol. 53

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issue 1

51-54

EN

On 29 February 2008, the management of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the scientific editors of 'Archeologia Polski' celebrated officially the 90th birthday of Professor Witold Hensel, longtime director (1954-1989) of what was then the Institute of History of Material Culture (from 1992 the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology) PAN. The special volumes of 'Archeologia Polski' and of 'Slavia Antiqua' were presented to W. Hensel and the meeting continued as a small conference on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs. 2 Figures.

2

FAUNA OF THE UPPER VISTULA RIVER BASIN - AN ANALYSIS BASED ON BONE MATERIAL FROM SELECTED SITES OF THE FUNNEL BEAKERS CULTURE

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Makowicz-Poliszot D.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2007

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vol. 59

143-180

EN

The author presents the results of a zoological analysis of animal bone remains of three Funnel Beakers culture (FBC) sites located in the upper Vistula River basin. These are Donosy, site 3, Donatkowice, site 23 and Zagorzyce, site 3 (all of them situated in the Kazimierza Wielka district). The aim of the zoological analysis was to determine the species and anatomy of bone remains and to measure and estimate them quantitatively, as well as to determine the age, sex and size of the animals. The results of zoological analyses were discussed separately for each of the three examined sites and then compared with analogous results of research on animal bone material from other FBC sites situated in the upper Vistula River basin.

3

The Chairs of Archaeology of Lviv University in Years 1905-2005

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Sytnyk O.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2006

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vol. 54

125-159

EN

The short observation of the foundation and development of the chairs of archaeology of Lviv University, beginning from its foundation in 1905, is given and the process of reforming of archaeological education in the University is demonstrated. The author set forth the role of the Chairs of Archaeology at the Faculty of Philosophy in organizing archaeological research. The first head of the Chair was the famous researcher K. Hadaczek. In 1916 the Chair of Classical Archaeology was headed by E. Bulanda. He worked here till 1939. In 1921 the Chair of Prehistory was founded. The famous archaeologist and politician L. Kozlowski was its head till 1939. Such famous scientists as K. Majewski, K. Michalowski, T. Sulimirski, M. Smiszko, I. Starczuk, K. Zurowski worked in these two Chairs during the period between two World Wars. In 1940-1941 the Chairs were headed by J. Pasternak and K. Majewski respectively. After World War II the Chairs were joined into the Chair of Archeology and History of Ancient World, headed by I. Wejckiwskyj. In 1949 it was renamed as the Chair of History of Ancient World and Medievalism. The Chair began to specialize in archeology again in 1994 and its name was changed again into the Chair of Archaeology, Antiquity and Medievalism. In 2004 it separated into two structures. Now it functions as the Chair of Archaeology and History of Ancient World. Two professors, six PhD, two assistants and one technician are working there.

4

ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NASIELNA RIVER VALLEY IN THE VICINITY OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD IN NASIELSK (Antropogeniczne przeksztalcenia doliny Nasielnej w sasiedztwie wczesnosredniowiecznego grodziska w Nasielsku)

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Blonski M., Szwarczewski P.

Archeologia Polski

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2008

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vol. 53

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issue 2

291-317

EN

Interdisciplinary research (archaeological excavations, ground surface surveying, as well as the results of a geomorphological survey and drillings, palynology and radiocarbon dating, and an examination of archival maps and analyses of historical sources) carried out in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk was focused on the lithological diversity of the sediments filling the Nasielna river valley and its relation to human activity in this area in the past. The study proved that the activity of Early Medieval settlers and the multiphase operation of water mills in medieval and modern times were the main causes impacting valley bottom transformation. The town of Nasielsk is located some 50 km to the north of Warsaw and remains of the Early Medieval stronghold lies in the northwestern part of the town. It measures 85 m in diameter and has a rampart in excess of 2 m in height. According to written sources of the 11th-13th centuries, Nasielsk was a local center of administration (castellany). At the time a part of the town was owned by the Czerwinsk monastery. Archaeological excavations have been conducted in 1976 and in 2001-2006. The conclusion is that the stronghold was a multiphase site operating for more than 400 years. Dendrochronological data from the rampart have dated the construction of the oldest part of the stronghold to the middle of the 9th century. The youngest dendrochronological date falls in the middle of the 13th century (i.e., A.D. 1246). Settlers presumably abandoned the stronghold either in the second half of the 13th or in the beginning of the 14th century. In 1386, the newly-founded town of Nasielsk was given by the Mazovian Duke Janusz the First to the knight Jakusz of Radzanowo. The studied part of Nasielna river valley is filled with organic deposits (peats, organic silts and clays, gyttja) totaling some 1.50 m in thickness. The organic sediments cover fine and medium sands and gravels. Some 50 drillings in the valley bottom next to the stronghold revealed a complicated morphology of the former valley bottom. Geological and geomorphological studies together with enclosed cross-sections have indicated for channel pattern changes in the Nasielna (former exsistance of braided or anastomosing stream). The gyttja-lacustrine sediments (with plant detritus and mollusks at different depths) filling the valley bottom are evidence of a multiphasal operation of ponds in this area (mostly mill and probably fish ponds). The lithological diversification of the sediments in the vicinity of the stronghold has led the authors to assume very short intervals between successive stages of damming-up of the river (possibly from just a few to a dozen or so years). Radiocarbon datings and archaeological data permit a reconstruction of the Nasielna river evolution in eight stages. The application of interdisciplinary methods: geological, geomorphological and archaeological, together with absolute dating has helped to unravel the relations between human activity in the past fourteen-fifteen centuries and the changes of the environment in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk. It was also possible to study the quality of these changes and the rate at which they occurred, thus providing the data for a reconstruction of the former river valley relief, that is, the landscape of the medieval settlement. 11 Figures.

5

ON PRIORITIZING 'BECOMING' OVER 'BEING'. NOTES ON THE MARGIN OF ARCHAEOLOGIES OF EUROPE... (2002)

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Zalewska A.

Archeologia Polski

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2004

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vol. 49

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issue 1-2

95-104

EN

This discussion concerns the diversity of scientific social practices visible in current archaeological theory. Pluralism in observing the world has the effect of forming different 'pictures' of it rather than principled judgments. Consequently, the term 'European archaeology', as well as the complex historiography of this branch of archaeology escape definition. There are benefits observed of this condition and the virtues of a 'positive dialogue' about social issues, a dialogue free of the constraining modernistic model of perception, have been propounded. The conference Archaeologies West - Archaeologies East. Connecting Theory and Practice Across Europe (2000) and the proceedings, published in the book Archaeologies of Europe. History, Methods and Theories (2002) took up the dialogue. By pointing out the most challenging problems, the editors have concluded that more needs to be done to bridge gaps in communication and to improve theory and practice in European archaeology. An interparadigmatic dialogue was thus established. The present comments refer to the observations presented by 27 authors from European countries and one from the United States. Firstly, by exemplifying the links existing between socio-political, epistemological and regional identities across contemporary Europe, the use of the term 'national archaeologies' was rejected. Secondly, the impossibility of ultimate judgments and collective appraisals of research theory and methodology and their usage in contemporary archaeology was accepted. Thirdly, the virtues of a 'multivocal discourse' were emphasized. By presenting criticism of the postprocessual model and postmodernist archaeology, intolerance in practicing archaeological theory was negated. Ultimate judgments depriving certain theoretical paradigms of the chance for development (common among the younger archaeologists) were found to be groundless. The author encourages archaeological practice using the 'transformation' model (instead of the 'transition' one) described by S. Tabaczynski. This model assumes a 'gradually shaped process of scientific activity, accumulated experience and deepened by critical reflection'. Fourthly, the need for diversification in thinking about archaeology was demonstrated following I. Hodder's remarks on the specific context of knowledge production, stimulated by information-based global economics. The use of the 'ivory tower' metaphor in three different contexts: as a 'theoretical ghetto' for postprocessual archaeology, as a state of social alienation of the discipline from the society it serves, and as a place of exile for archaeologists not flexible enough to follow current trends, was treated as an expression of openness to the need for diversification. Fifthly, the issue of individual responsibility in undertaking research was commented upon. Note was made of the virtues of personal opinions justifying a given researcher's attitude in his scholarly writing. Finally, the art of posing the right question was lauded as it is this that shapes the conditions for the development of archaeology on the European continent. In summary, the proceedings of the conference discussed here should be considered as a good beginning for shaping the need for a 'reflective' archaeology based on a multivocal dialogue. Emphasis should also be placed on the actual style of theoretical considerations in archaeology, prioritizing 'becoming' over 'being', that is, the process of reflection in drawing conclusions over a presentation and evaluation of inflexible final statements.

6

PROBLEMS OF THE 'EARLY BRONZE AGE' IN THE AREA OF LOWER DANUBE (ROMANIA)

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Schuster C.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2004

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vol. 39

87-122

EN

Thirty years after publishing Petru Roman's article in Acta Archaeologica Carpathica about the beginnings of the 'early Bronze age' in the area of contemporary Romania, a survey of new facts was carried out. The significance of Danubian regions, such as Muntenia, Oltenia, Banat, and Dobrogea, where many new complexes have been discovered, has been emphasised. New materials are also known from Moldova. The recapitulation presents conclusions on the formation of the early Bronze Age civilisation in the area of the lower Danube and the role of local factors in this process.

7

The Aggeres and the Rise of Urban Communities in Early Iron Age Latium

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Ziolkowski A.

Archeologia

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2005

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vol. 56

31-51

EN

The author discusses material signs of the birth of the city in Latium. First, there is a critical examination of the notion of 'proto-urbanisation' and the methods used by its partisans to determine the '(proto-)urban' character of Latial settlements of the Early Iron Age. Second, it is argued that the rise of urban communities in the region is signalled by the appearance during the 8th century of centres protected by powerful earthen ramparts, the aggeres, and vice versa - that every centre thus protected was originally an urban community.

8

Inscriptions from the 1998-2002 Excavations of the Ruin of 'valetudinarium' at Novae

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Bunsch E., Kolendo J., Zelazowski J.

Archeologia

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2003

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vol. 54

43-64

EN

This is the first publication of nine inscriptions from the 1998-2002 excavations of the valetudinarium at Novae. They came, however, from different parts of the fortress of the legion 'I Italica', and a funerary monument no. 9 stood originally outside the fortifications. In each case the edition of the text is followed by an analysis of the material and technique. These inscriptions include: 1) dedication of a tempel to Sol Invictus (?) by Elagabalus, 2) inscription on rebuilding of a structure (most likely a fountain or a temple) by two legionary veterans ('imaginifer' and 'custos armorum'), 3) fragment of an inscription from a large building of Trajan's time dedicated by the province legate and the legionary legate, 4) small fragment with the name of Septimius Severus (?), 5) fragment of a monumental inscription, 6) altar for Genius centuriae of the 'princeps legionis', 7) altar for Jupiter and Diana Bu( ) erected by a veteran of the legion 'I Italica', 8) altar dedicated by a 'tesserarius', 9) tomb stone of Charagonia Arche, possibly a female descendant of a freedman Publius Caragonius Philopalaestrus, known from another inscription from Novae.

9

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY OF LARGE NEOLITHIC STRUCTURES IN LOESS REGIONS. THE CASE OF SLONOWICE (Geofizyczne badania duzych konstrukcji neolitycznych na terenach lessowych. Casus Slonowice)

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Herbich T., Tunia K.

Archeologia Polski

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2009

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vol. 54

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issue 1

13-35

EN

Site 'G' in Slonowice has been explored archaeologically since 1979. The site lies on the south upland slope, falling away toward the Maloszówka river. The FBC is known from numerous settlements in this territory, but little could be said of the sepulchral aspect of their life prior to the work at Slonowice. Even so, the sheer size of the site (15-20 ha), limited funds and the hitherto unexplored subject range necessitated relatively slow progress of research and cautious interpretation. Following more than twenty years of research it can be said to be 'a temenos', a separate sacred enclosure connected with a burial ground. A rectangular square measuring about 110 m to the side occupied flattened ground in the middle of the slope, limited on the east, west and presumably also north by two parallel ditches with a presumed embankment sandwiched between them, built of the earth excavated from the ditches. On the south side, the square was closed with a trapezoid timber-and-earth tomb, also about 110 m long. The walls of this structure were made of rows of wooden posts driven vertically into the ground, the space between the rows filled in with earth from ditches dug parallel to the outer walls of the tomb. A few more features of the same kind were localized further to the south, more or less parallel to one another, standing on the part of the slope already falling away toward the river. No two are the same, even though they share certain characteristics, such as a similar 'palisade' technique for erecting the walls - timber posts driven into foundation trenches about 0.5 m wide and 1 m deep. The length of the structures differs substantially. The longest ones (nos I and II), both over a hundred meters long, are unique in that they have ditches of varied depth and width, from which the soil for the embankments was excavated. The tombs nos III-VI are of smaller size and are revealed solely by the outlines of the foundation ditches under the timber walls. The complex has been dated to the beginnings of FBC culture in western Little Poland, i.e., first half of the 4th millennium B.C. The site was next occupied by a Trzciniec Culture village in the Old Bronze Age (17-12 c. B.C.) and revealed a few hundred pits of a domestic nature, about 1 m in diameter and up to 2 m deep. Pits cut through the earlier Neolithic structures. Archaeological method was supplemented with geophysical prospection. The geophysical prospection carried out by T. Herbich (1983-2005) is the biggest project of its kind conducted so far on an archaeological site in Poland. The resultant map complements the archaeological picture of the megalithic tomb substructures and provides a precise understanding of both the Neolithic and Old Bronze Age phases of occupation of the Sonowice site. An analysis of the combined results of excavations and magnetic mapping have recorded the site layout and traced the course of ditches with the wall foundations of tombs nos I, II and VI, identified tomb no. VII, the extent of the pits connected with the Trzciniec Culture and the course of ditches connected with the Bronze Age occupation of the site. This discovery has put the Slłonowice site among the few settlements from the Bronze Age known from the archaeological record in Poland as having traces of defensive installations. Figs 13.

10

CHANGES OF CLIMATE AND PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT RECORDED IN DEPOSITS OF THE WISŁOK PALEOCHANNEL IN GRODZISKO DOLNE, SANDOMIERZ BASIN (Zapis zmian klimatu i osadnictwa prahistorycznego w osadach starorzecza Wisloka w Grodzisku Dolnym...)

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Czopek S., Gebica P., Szczepanek K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2008

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vol. 60

295-323

EN

The authors present the results of the geomorphological drilling and the other analyses, confronted with archaeological exploration, which serve as the basis for several important conclusions: (1) the analysis of deposit layers in the Wislok paleochannel system has revealed changes in vegetation caused by climatic changes taking place from the late Glacial (Alleröd-Younger Dryas) to the humidization of the climate at the Atlantic/Sub-Boreal, and by anthropopression which increased in the Sub-Boreal and the Sub-Atlantic, and was related to multistage settlement and activity of archeological cultures (settlement phases) in the area of Grodzisko Dolne, (2) the presence of usual agricultural indicators (shown in the palynological diagram) dated at approx. 5200 BP (the 4th millennium BC) harmonizes with the Funnel Beaker culture documented at Site 22 and in the whole region as the first Neolithic culture present in that part of the Sandomierz Basin, (3) Late Vistulian deposits (organic silts and over 2-meter-thick redeposited eolian sands) point to natural accumulation processes taking place in the bottom of the valley without human participation, (4) accumulation of deposits due to frequent flooding after approx. 3000 BP (1440-980 BC) changed the original landform features in the bottom of the valley, reducing the denivelation between the Vistulian terrace (where the archaeological site is located) and the surface of the floodplain, (5) the youngest settlement phases (after the Roman period) identified at Site 22 may be synchronized with sandy deposits accumulated during floods at the mouth of the Leszczynka in the Wislok paleochannel system, dated to approx. 1800 BP and indicating a climatic fluctuation towards greater humidity.

11

TWO LATE MEDIEVAL SWORDS FROM LITTLE POLAND

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Biborski M., Zabinski G.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2006

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vol. 41

147-160

EN

In this article two swords: one found in the Dunajec river in Sikorzyce and the second, excavated in the old bed of the San river in Radymno are presented. The sword from Sikorzyce was manufactured between 1250-1350, probably in one of the Hungarian workshops; the sword from Radymno should be dated to the period 1360-1450 and recognized as the local, Polish work. Both findings may be connected with the San river and Dunajec river crossings on two trade routes: Kraków - Lviv and Poland - Hungary.

12

THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN EARLY TOWN AS AN ISSUE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

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Rossignol S.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2009

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vol. 57

133-141

EN

Did towns exist in Central Europe before the arrival of German and Western European settlers in the twelfth century, and before the establishment of chartered towns, created and consciously planned by the newly arrived? Is it appropriate to designate some of the settlements that existed prior to this major process, which would change the face of these regions forever, as towns? The main problem causing all this uncertainty is contained in the fact that, contrary to the situation in later centuries, there is no unequivocal criterion to discern a town from other types of settlements in the area of Europe situated east of the Rhine and north of the Danube prior to the appearance of chartered towns. Most of the definitions social scientists and then applied to past societies, to see if they fit our schemes of understanding. In this article, the question is asked from the point of view of these societies themselves: what did the people of this period imagine a town to be, and how did they apply their understanding of what a town is to the settlements they actually saw before their eyes? Representations of early urban settlements by contemporary authors writing in Latin are very different from the definitions proposed by scholars nowadays. The criteria which are the most usual today to define the urban character of given agglomerations were very far from the concerns of medieval authors. Great caution should be taken when dealing with the words used by medieval authors to describe their societies. What they had in mind was very different from our own conceptions. Apart from that, many of the aspects that were important for medieval authors - beautiful appearance, notoriety of a settlement - simply cannot be verified in the material culture

13

Two Silver Plates from the late Antiquity in the National Museum in Warsaw

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Zelazowski J., Zukowski R.

Archeologia

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2005

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vol. 56

107-131

EN

This is a new publication of two late Roman silver plates, found in 1852 in Toulouse and kept now in the National Museum in Warsaw. They were mentioned in recent studies on Gallic silver vessels, but most scholars consider them to have been lost since World War II. In 1889 the plates became part of the Princes Czartoryski collection of antiquities, acquired in Paris and then moved to the castle at Goluchów, Poland. During World War II they were taken to the National Museum. Renovations of the plates revealed new elements of ornamentation, which shed light on their interpretation. An inscription on the plate with a golden multiplum of Theodosius II, with names of people known from the correspondence of Sidonius Apollinarius, allows us to connect both plates with largitiones among Gallic aristocracy of the 5th c. AD.

14

From Dagger to Sword. Some Reflections on the Development of Early Swords in the Aegean, Anatolia and the Levant

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Taracha P.

Archeologia

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2004

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vol. 55

7-18

EN

The author discusses the development of early thrusting swords in the Bronze Age Aegean (Types A and B) and their Anatolian and Levantine counterparts. Both in the Aegean and the Near East continuous developments produced almost simultaneously similar types of thrusting sword, but there is no reason to assume that the Anatolian or Levantine types had any appreciable influence in the Aegean and vice versa. Arguments for the Aegean pedigree of the Type A sword follow. The flanged-hilted type B sword was introduced not to replace that of Type A, but as a result of developments in fencing. It is argued for the integrated use of the long Type A sword and the Type B dirk or sword; in a set of two swords the latter had probably the function of an auxiliary weapon intended, first of all, for parrying a blow.

15

MEDIAEVAL WEAPONRY. ABOUT THE SPEARHEADS WITH WINGS FOUND IN GRAVES IN AREAS OF MEDIAEVAL POLAND

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Kurasinski T.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2005

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vol. 57

165-213

EN

The author writes about significance and functioning of spearheads with wings (type VI acc. to A. Nadolski) in Middle Ages in Poland. Analyzed spearheads with wings come from grave assemblages. Iconographic and written sources were used also. Spearheads with wings are known only from three cemeteries in Poland. Spearheads with wings were used effectively in fighting and during the game. However, this effectiveness was not caused by the attached wings. It seems, that the real sense of this weapon is manifested mainly on the symbolic level. It is confirmed by the fact, that all of them are very long, and have special ornamentation, which is not important in warfare. This kind of spear could function also as an ensigns (badges). Preserved items have a character of insignia or relic, too. One can assume, that persons buried with such weapons belonged to the members of the ruler's body-guard. Only the warriors performing functions of commanders or advisers could make use of them.

16

From 'Archaeological Review' to Karol Hadaczek: Archaeology in Lviv in 1876-1914

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Bulyk N.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2006

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vol. 54

99-124

EN

This paper is dedicated to the history of foundation of Lviv archaeological center in 19th century. The main stages of history of some institutions, which dealt with archaeological topics and carried out archaeological research, are described. End of 19th - beginning of 20th century can be characterized as a period of formation of the Lviv archaeological centre. At that time such archaeological institutions as Regional Archaeological Society, Shevchenko Scientific Society, Stavropigia Institute and Lviv University carried out professional archaeological research. Therefore, their activity should be analysed and evaluated

17

WAYS OF BURYING AT THE VILLAGE DEVIN IN THE 13TH UP TO THE 18TH CENTURIES

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Keller I., Placha V., Divilekova D.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2007

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vol. 55

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issue 1

127-186

EN

The present-day village Devin is situated 10 km to the west of Slovak capital Bratislava. During the 15th century the originally promising settlement under the castle gradually developed to the small flourishing medieval city fortified with a wall and making use of all privileges. Its dominant feature was a church from the 13th century, oldest part of which was the oblong nave corresponding with the present one including rectangular presbytery. The church was rebuilt and readapted for several times to its present-day classicistic appearance. By the end of the 13th century the dead bodies were buried at the cemetery situated on the southeastern knoll of the fortified settlement in Devin. Later the deceased were buried in the village, near the new church. Originally the church was consecrated to Virgin Mary. Later, in 1841, it is already meant as the Holy Cross Church. The oldest known written record of its existence is a deed of Bratislava charter dated to May 28th, 1307. The church and cemetery were originally protected by a 3.8 m deep ditch. Its ending seems to be linked with a new fence - a stone wall built as a part of big church reconstruction in the 15th century or with its renovation after having been burnt down by Turks in 1529. The archaeological excavations revealed 113 graves, some of them damaged; in many cases only several bones were preserved from the dead bodies. Grave goods found in 22 graves consisted of devotional artefacts - medallions, small crosses, reliquaries, rosaries, amulets, small mounts, belt buckles, tramps, clasps, a ring fragment, coins and rings, the oldest of which are dated into the 13th century. In three graves remains of coffin woods and in one textile remnants were preserved. The finding situations and finds suggest that burying at this cemetery had started at the end of the 13th century and it lasted till the 18th century, when (in 1770) burying in the vicinity of churches was banned by a royal regulation. A new cemetery was founded on the border of Devin behind the village western gate near the way to Devinska Nova Ves.

18

Absolute Chronology of the Corded Ware Culture in South-Eastern Poland and Ukraine

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Jarosz P., Wlodarczyk P.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2007

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vol. 55

71-55

EN

Altogether 17 radiocarbon results referring to the Corded Ware culture were obtained. The selection of samples determined the good quality of the dated material from the Late Neolithic graves (mainly human bones). The new series aimed to verify previous establishments including dating of the cemetery in Zerniki Górne in particular. Four important results were obtained from central barrow graves. New dates verify the absolute chronology of the Corded Ware culture in south-eastern Poland. The beginning of the CWC settlement fell probably on years 2800-2700 BC. The final stage should be referred to ca. 2300 BC.

19

On the Study of Prehistoric Flint Mining and the Mine at Krzemionki Opatowskie (In Connection with the Book 'Metody badan archeologicznych stanowisk produkcyjnych - górnictwo krzemienia, Warszawa 2000)

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Lech J.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2004

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vol. 52

15-88

EN

The article discusses the methods of studying prehistoric flint mines presented in the book 'Metody badan archeologicznych stanowisk produkcyjnych - górnictwo krzemienia' (Methods used in the archaeological study of production sites - flint mining), published in Warsaw in 2000. The author of the article is generally critical of the work, though certain fragments are praised. He considers its greatest failings to be the marginal discussion of flint material from the mines, a lack of suggestions for rescue excavations of flint mines and the viewing of prehistoric mining solely from the perspective of modern industrial mining. In the conclusion the article mentions the need for a monograph covering the many years of research done at the Krzemionki Opatowskie flint mine site. Summary The article discusses the methods of researching prehistoric flint mines as presented in the book 'Metody badan archeologicznych stanowisk produkcyjnych - górnictwo krzemienia' (Methods of archaeological research of production sites - flint mining), published in 2000 The book comprises eleven articles by nine authors. The foremost articles are written by a team of archaeologists who, since the early 1980s, have been studying the flint mine at Krzemionki Opatowskie (W. Borkowski, W. Migal, S. Salacinski, M. Zalewski) and by J. Budziszewski, who has studied the mine at Ozarów in central Poland. The book is in Polish, without an index and foreign language summaries or abstracts. Even translation of the title and contents are lacking. The author of the article points to weaknesses both in the editorial concept of the book as a whole and of individual articles. He notes that some of them are superfluous - such as the one devoted to the magnetic and electromagnetic methods, which have no practical application in the exploration of flint mines. Other articles present the use of outdated tools and software. On the other hand, the work lacks a much needed article on methods of determining the chronology of flint mines and the danger of committing characteristic errors. The author is also very critical of the examples of drawings of shaft profiles proposed by the authors, and of the photographic documentation which is of poor quality and often without any scale. The well written parts of the book include the fragments devoted to surface examination of flint mine sites and to analysis of filling from shaft I/4 at Ozarow (J. Budziszewski), also to the study of the structure of rubble dumps in the underground mine chambers at Krzemionki Opatowskie (W. Migal), to the model of distribution of flint exploitation systems at the Krzemionki mining field (W. Borkowski) and to the application of the resistivity method in studies of flint mines (T. Herbich). The greatest inadequacies of the book are the marginal treatment of the geology of the excavated mine sites, of the methods of studying structures and flint material from the mines, the lack of suggestions as to rescue excavations of flint mines, the treatment of prehistoric flint mining solely from the perspective of the history of modern industrial mining without taking into consideration the prehistoric context. The reviewer also notices the careless use and compilation of literature in most of the articles as well as a number of other errors. He also recalls that similar weaknesses were pointed out ten years ago by B. Balcer in his review of the first book published by the same team from the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw.

20

COPPER COINS FROM BELUSA AND THEIR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

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Hunka J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2007

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vol. 55

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issue 1

113-115

EN

Finding of two copper coins of so-called Arabian type from the years 1190-1240. This type of coins had a special function in contemporary monetary system of the Ancient Hungary. Found at Belusa, they are evidence of the site's important position at the distant trade way along the river Vah.

Refine search results

WITOLD HENSEL - 90th BIRTHDAY (Witold Hensel - 90 rocznica urodzin)

FAUNA OF THE UPPER VISTULA RIVER BASIN - AN ANALYSIS BASED ON BONE MATERIAL FROM SELECTED SITES OF THE FUNNEL BEAKERS CULTURE

The Chairs of Archaeology of Lviv University in Years 1905-2005

ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NASIELNA RIVER VALLEY IN THE VICINITY OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD IN NASIELSK (Antropogeniczne przeksztalcenia doliny Nasielnej w sasiedztwie wczesnosredniowiecznego grodziska w Nasielsku)

ON PRIORITIZING 'BECOMING' OVER 'BEING'. NOTES ON THE MARGIN OF ARCHAEOLOGIES OF EUROPE... (2002)

PROBLEMS OF THE 'EARLY BRONZE AGE' IN THE AREA OF LOWER DANUBE (ROMANIA)

The Aggeres and the Rise of Urban Communities in Early Iron Age Latium

Inscriptions from the 1998-2002 Excavations of the Ruin of 'valetudinarium' at Novae

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY OF LARGE NEOLITHIC STRUCTURES IN LOESS REGIONS. THE CASE OF SLONOWICE (Geofizyczne badania duzych konstrukcji neolitycznych na terenach lessowych. Casus Slonowice)

CHANGES OF CLIMATE AND PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT RECORDED IN DEPOSITS OF THE WISŁOK PALEOCHANNEL IN GRODZISKO DOLNE, SANDOMIERZ BASIN (Zapis zmian klimatu i osadnictwa prahistorycznego w osadach starorzecza Wisloka w Grodzisku Dolnym...)

TWO LATE MEDIEVAL SWORDS FROM LITTLE POLAND

THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN EARLY TOWN AS AN ISSUE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Two Silver Plates from the late Antiquity in the National Museum in Warsaw

From Dagger to Sword. Some Reflections on the Development of Early Swords in the Aegean, Anatolia and the Levant

MEDIAEVAL WEAPONRY. ABOUT THE SPEARHEADS WITH WINGS FOUND IN GRAVES IN AREAS OF MEDIAEVAL POLAND

From 'Archaeological Review' to Karol Hadaczek: Archaeology in Lviv in 1876-1914

WAYS OF BURYING AT THE VILLAGE DEVIN IN THE 13TH UP TO THE 18TH CENTURIES

Absolute Chronology of the Corded Ware Culture in South-Eastern Poland and Ukraine

On the Study of Prehistoric Flint Mining and the Mine at Krzemionki Opatowskie (In Connection with the Book 'Metody badan archeologicznych stanowisk produkcyjnych - górnictwo krzemienia, Warszawa 2000)