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Realizacja postulatów reformy cecyliańskiej na ziemi kłodzkiej

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Prasał A.

Musica Ecclesiastica

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2023

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vol. 18

49-68

PL

Idee reformy cecyliańskiej bardzo szybko znalazły oddźwięk na ziemi kłodzkiej. Już pod koniec 1868 r. w Lądku-Zdroju powstało pierwsze koło cecyliańskie, które założył ks. prefekt Franz Urban. W 1873 r. przekształciło się ono w Stowarzyszenie Cecyliańskie Hrabstwa Kłodzkiego i działało na rzecz poprawy stanu muzyki kościelnej aż do 1939 r. W artykule omówiono sposoby realizacji podstawowych celów reformy, którymi były: ożywienie i upowszechnienie chorału gregoriańskiego, troska o śpiew chóralny, pielęgnowanie ludowej pieśni kościelnej w języku niemieckim, a także dbałość o kościelną grę organową. Postulaty te wcielane były w życie, w mniejszym lub większym stopniu, przez chóry parafialne nawet w najmniejszych ośrodkach kościelnych Kłodzczyzny. Muzycy działający w hrabstwie nie byli jednak ortodoksyjnymi cecylianistami. Dzięki impulsom płynącym z Wrocławia, a także w oparciu o rodzimą tradycję z domieszką wpływów czeskich, msze wokalno-instrumentalne i muzyka religijna z towarzyszeniem orkiestry wykonywane były równolegle z dziełami a cappella.

EN

The ideas of the Cecilian Reform Movement found a rapid response in the Kłodzko region. The first Cecilian Circle was founded by the Reverend Prefect Franz Urban in Lądek-Zdrój as early as the end of 1868. In 1873 it evolved into the Cecilian Association of the County of Kłodzko and promoted the improvement of Church music until as late as 1939. The article discusses the ways to achieve the basic objectives of the reform movement, which were the revival and popularisation of Gregorian Chant, the promotion of choral singing, the cultivation of traditional popular hymns in German as well as a serious effort in favour of church organ music. Those postulates were, to a greater or lesser degree, put into practice by parish choirs even in the smallest church communities of the region. However, the musicians serving in the County were not orthodox Cecilians. Thanks to the impulses coming from Wrocław, but also based on a domestic tradition with an admixture of Czech influences, vocal-instrumental masses and religious music with orchestral accompaniment were performed simultaneously with a cappella works.

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Organy w kościołach diecezji świdnickiej. Budowa nowych instrumentów i działania konserwatorskie w latach 2004–2014

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Prasał A.

Musica Ecclesiastica

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2016

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issue 11

67-76

EN

The Diocese of Świdnica has existed since 2004. So far, only one pipe organ has been built in its territory. In 2005 the Wrocław-based Cynar company performed the installation of a 38-voice instrument with an electronic action for the Church of the Elevation of the Holy Cross in Kłodzko. For its construction the company used the organ of a deconsecrated church in Germany, i.e. St. Peter’s Church in Frankfurt am Main. In other newly-built churches electronic instruments have been installed, mainly for financial reasons. Since the diocese was founded 10 years ago, 25 instruments have undergone thorough renovation. An important event was the general renovation of the 50-voice organ in the basilica of the Visitation of Our Lady in Bardo which was carried out by the Jehmlich company from Dresden.

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Handbuch für Organisten Bernharda Kothego (1821–1897)

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Prasał A.

Musica Ecclesiastica

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2018

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issue 13

101-112

PL

Wśród licznych XIX-wiecznych „pomocy dla organistów” szczególną popularnością cieszył się Handbuch für Organisten, opublikowany po raz pierwszy w 1871 r. w wydawnictwie Leuckart z Lipska. Jego autorem był Bernhard Kothe – wybitny śląski organista, dyrygent, kompozytor, pedagog, publicysta, wydawca i organizatora życia muzycznego. Handbuch jest praktycznym zbiorem przeznaczonym przede wszystkim do użytku liturgicznego, ale wykorzystywanym także jako materiał dydaktyczny. Zbiór zawiera 346 drobnych utworów na organy, 46 przykładów modulacji oraz dodatkowo 18 łatwych preludiów w najczęściej używanych tonacjach. Utwory uszeregowane zostały według 24 tonacji, a w ich obrębie według długości. Najkrótsze utwory służyć miały jako interludia pomiędzy zwrotkami pieśni. Dłuższe utwory miały być wykorzystywane jako preludia lub postludia. Zbiór został skompilowany z utworów różnych kompozytorów. Najwięcej, bo aż 50, jest autorstwa samego Kothego. W 1879 r. Handbuch doczekał się kontynuacji w postaci tomu drugiego i trzeciego. Przeznaczone one były już dla bardziej wprawnych i lepiej przygotowanych organistów.

EN

A particular favourite amongst the numerous 19th century „manuals for organists” was the Handbuch für Organisten, which was published for the first time in 1871 by Leuckart in Leipzig. Its author was Bernhard Kothe, a famous Silesian organist, conductor, composer, teacher, publicist, editor and an organiser of musical life. The Handbuch is a handy volume destined mainly for liturgical use. The collection comprises 346 smaller pieces of organ music, 46 modulation samples as well as an additional compilation of 18 easy preludes in the most frequently used ranges. The works are sorted in order of pitch (24 ranges) and, within the different ranges, in order of size. The shortest pieces were meant to be played as interludes between the stanzas of a song, while the longer pieces were meant to be performed as preludes or postludes. The collection was compiled from the works of various composers. The highest number of compositions – almost 50 of them - are the work of Kothe himself. In 1879 the Handbuch was continued in a second and third volume which aimed to address an audience of more experienced and better trained organists.

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„Ars Organi” 66 (2018), z. 1; 66 (2018), z. 2

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Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2018

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issue 1

138-142

PL

Omówienie zeszytów

5

MAREK URBAŃCZYK, Organy kościoła Krzyża Świętego w Siemianowicach – historia, architektura, konstrukcja i problematyka konserwatorska. Gliwice: Epigraf 2017. ISBN 978-83-949053-1-6, ss. 190.

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Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2018

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issue 1

136-138

PL

Omówienie książki

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Szczegóły konstrukcyjne organów Paula Voelknera na przykładzie unikalnego katalogu firmowego z 1900 roku

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Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2018

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issue 1

7-27

EN

Within the extensive collection of the State Archives in Wrocław particular attention should be drawn to the files of the Silesian Evangelical Consistory in Wrocław from the period between 1614 and 1945. This is without a doubt the largest collection of documents for the exploration of Protestantism in Silesia. In the collection which comprises more than 26,000 archived items, there are three folders dedicated to the construction and renovation of organs. After an initial, rough review of those files, the researcher’s attention is drawn to the well-preserved advertising brochure published by the Voelkner company from Duninów under the title Katalog der Kirchenorgel-Bauanstalt mit Dampfbetrieb von P.B. Voelkner, Dünnow, Kr. Stolp i. Pomm. The Voelkner company was founded in 1859 in Duninów (Dünnow) by Christian Friedrich Voelkner (1831–1905). In 1900 the company which employed 20 workers by then, was taken over by Christian Friedrich’s son, Paul. In 1906 the company’s headquarters were transferred to Bydgoszcz. The reason for this transfer was a fire that had destroyed most of the former factory buildings. The years of crisis after the first world war led to a sharp economic downturn that strongly affected the Bydgoszcz based company which in the period of heyday had employed as many as about 50 people. As a result, but also due to the fact that Bydgoszcz became a part of Poland, the company ceased its activities and was sold in favour of a big carpenter’s shop in 1920. It is estimated that the Voelkners built or rebuilt approximately 300 instruments. This activity usually concerned smaller instruments. Furthermore they specialised in the production of stylish organ prospects. The brochure described in this article is a valuable source for the history of the company. It offers a variety of information on such points as the organisation of production, the characteristics of instruments, the materials used for their construction, the details concerning the construction of the organ mechanics, the suggested conditions as well as the price of instruments. Additionally, this publication gives the reader an insight into the prevalent trends of organ building at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The brochure was printed in Wernigerode by the publisher Angerstein and does not contain any information concerning the year of issue. The analysis of its contents suggests that it was most probably made in 1900 when the company was taken over by Paul Voelkner. In the first part of the brochure constructional details of the Voelkner instruments are discussed. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the company from Duninów was in its heyday and implemented lots of new technical developments, thus adapting their instruments to the needs of romantic organ music. Therefore, it is not surprising that cone chests and pneumatic action were applied, which made it possible for organists to achieve the “ease of play”, the fast register alteration and the rich dynamic expression that seemed so desirable at the time. The admiration for this new type of organs can clearly be felt in the brochure, together with a loss of understanding for the old instruments, especially with regard to their technical possibilities. The large companies and factories that emerged in the nineteenth century were known for their standardised production. The Voelkner company also produced organs with a multiple disposition and design solutions. Moreover, they introduced machining operations and mechanical serial production of organ parts. Pages 8–11 of the brochure quote statements and opinions concerning Voelkner organs. The users of the Voelkner instruments underlined such points as the use of good solid materials, the neat and robust design, the impeccable intonation and, most importantly, the moderate price of Voelkner’s instruments. Unfortunately the majority of the published statements do not contain any clear information about the place and construction year of the specific organs. Not even the brochure itself contains a survey of the works performed by the company, which is perhaps its greatest shortcoming. The first part of the brochure is concluded by a presentation of the types of prospects offered by the company. The central part of the brochure (pages 25–45) is a list of the 48 available disposition models for church organs, concert organs and cabinet organs including their pricing. The disposition models proposed in the brochure outline the typical trends in romantic organ sound, which aimed at imitating the sound of a symphony orchestra. The list is divided into four parts: • organs with one manual (keyboards): on offer were three organ models with 2 to 4 stops at prices ranging from 480 to 700 marks. Together with this type of instrument Voelkner offered his patented invention called Melodieführer at a price of 150 marks. That device allowed to strengthen the chord’s highest element (with one or more stops); • organs with one manual and pedal (pedal-boards): the brochure presents six dispositons ranging from 5 to 10 stops. Prices vary between 1,000 and 2,450 marks; • organs with two manuals and a pedal: the company offered this type of instrument ranging from only 3 to 41 stops at prices ranging from 800 to 11,530 marks. For instruments of this size various additional devices and technical innovations were on offer, e.g. sub and super octave couplers, fixed and free combinations, swell boxes, and crescendo rollers; organs with three manuals and a pedal: for instruments of this size the company offered, circumstances permitting, the installation of an Echowerk, i.e. a special sound section for the third manual in a double swell box installed in the attic, from where the sound would pass through a decorative slatted opening into the vault. The prices for this type of organs ranged from 8,700 to 30,000 marks, and the number of stops varied between 30 and 90. The prices indicated in the brochure did not cover the costs of constructing the organ prospect. Its price depended on the selected style of the organ case and the size of the instrument. The company offered very favourable funding terms. No advance payments were required. The price to be paid for the instrument (in cash) was not due before the technical approval procedure had been positively completed, which was carried out by an expert designated by the purchaser. The company also authorised payment by instalments at very low rates. The open question remains to what extent the company from Bydgoszcz managed to put into practice the projects presented in the brochure. Answering this question, however, requires painstaking research including a considerable number of comparative field studies. This is a task that the author leaves to researchers specialising in the history of the Voelkner company.

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FRANCISZEK KOENIG, Budownictwo organowe na Górnym Śląsku od połowy XIX w. do roku 1945. Ewolucja rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych i estetyki brzmieniowej na przykładzie instrumentów w kościołach diecezji gliwickiej. Series: Muzykologia Opolska – Studia i Materiały 4. Opole: Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego 2019, pp. 908. ISBN 978-83-65860-41-5.

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Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2020

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issue 3

164-166

EN

Review

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GRZEGORZ POŹNIAK, Firma organmistrzowska Berschdorf z Nysy. Działalność na Opolszczyźnie na podstawie zbiorów Archiwum Państwowego w Opolu. Series: Muzykologia Opolska – Studia i Materiały 5. Opole: Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego 2019, pp. 256. ISBN 978-83-65860-50-7.

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Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2020

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issue 3

153-155

XX

Review

9

III Konferencja Naukowa z cyklu „Organy i ludzie” Uniwersytet Muzyczny Fryderyka Chopina Warszawa, 22 października 2018

100%

Prasał A.

Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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2018

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issue 1

151-154

PL

sprawozdanie z konferencji

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6 Folia Organologica. International yearbook of organ and organ music

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9 Prasał A.

Realizacja postulatów reformy cecyliańskiej na ziemi kłodzkiej

Organy w kościołach diecezji świdnickiej. Budowa nowych instrumentów i działania konserwatorskie w latach 2004–2014

Handbuch für Organisten Bernharda Kothego (1821–1897)

„Ars Organi” 66 (2018), z. 1; 66 (2018), z. 2

MAREK URBAŃCZYK, Organy kościoła Krzyża Świętego w Siemianowicach – historia, architektura, konstrukcja i problematyka konserwatorska. Gliwice: Epigraf 2017. ISBN 978-83-949053-1-6, ss. 190.

Szczegóły konstrukcyjne organów Paula Voelknera na przykładzie unikalnego katalogu firmowego z 1900 roku

III Konferencja Naukowa z cyklu „Organy i ludzie” Uniwersytet Muzyczny Fryderyka Chopina Warszawa, 22 października 2018