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Research Programme of Quantum Cosmology

100%
Szydłowski M.
Filozofia Nauki
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2008
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vol. 16
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issue 1
9-26
PL
Modern approaches and attempts towards construction of quantum gravity theory and quantum cosmology are reconstructed in terms of Lakatos conception of scientific program and its protective belt. The positive and negative heuristic is investigated in the context of quantum cosmology in Hartle-Hawking and Vilenkin approaches. We demonstrate that while the program of quantum cosmology is empirically degenerated, it becomes heuristically progressive. We pointed out the role of Ambjorn, Loll and Jurkiewicz's hypothesis of quantum dynamical triangulation, which justifies the conception of postponed rationality rather than conception of instant rationality. We argue that the field of quantum gravity may be useful for incorporating some new ideas into the conceptions of philosophy of science.
2
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Piękno jako przykład pozaempirycznego kryterium wyboru teorii naukowej

63%
Ciszewska D., Szydłowski M.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2010
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issue 47
3-37
PL
It is sometimes argued that beauty and science have nothing in common. This is not necessarily true. When speaking of beauty in science we are touching two branches of knowledge: aesthetics and physics. We show that they are connected, permeate each other and work together to give good scientific results. Scientific theories and aesthetics theories exhibit some similarities not only during the creation phase, but also during the application phase. We examine two aesthetic criteria, namely symmetry and simplicity, which are valuable tools in choosing the correct scientific theory.
3
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Zasada szczególnego dostrojenia w kontekście układów z chaosem deterministycznym

63%
Brus B., Szydłowski M.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2008
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issue 43
103-140
PL
From the beginning of the deterministic chaos research, the unpredictability has been its central theme. Interesting questions arise here: What are the consequences of chaos for the fine tuned processes? Are there fine tuning systems in reality? We investigate the possibility of defining a fine tuning parameter in terms of the Lyapunov principal exponent. We will critically evaluate the existing formulation of Hetesi and Vegh. We argue that such a quantification of a fine tuning parameter may be useful in the context of the debate between indifference and fine tuning principles for the Universe. We also propose how to define fine tuning evolutional paths of the Universe by using concepts of dynamical systems, namely the method of separatrices in the phase space.
4
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Epistemologiczne znaczenie paradoksów w kosmologii na przykładzie paradoksu fotometrycznego Olbersa

63%
Szydłowski M., Maciąg A.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 4(190)
501-521
EN
We study the epistemological significance of paradoxes in cosmology. We pointed out the heuristic role of paradoxes. Thesis of Frank Wilczek that paradoxes are good in physics is illustrated.. While all theses are formulated on an example of the photometric Olbers paradox they have general significance for cosmology. We show that solution of paradoxes can be understood as an additional presence of loops with a positive feedback in a scheme illustrating how a problem situation in physics is solved. Because cosmology in his development meets many anomalies and paradoxes in the past and future which are solved we have imagination the cosmology as a physical science in a state of permanent crisis.
5
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Czy fizyczne teorie efektywne są wiarygodną strategią osiągnięcia teorii finalnej?

63%
Szydłowski M., Tambor P.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2020
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issue 68
79-116
PL
The paper presents the methodology of effective theories as a strategy used in the process of development of modern physics to reach a final theory. We present the definition and characteristic features of an effective theory, as well as the answer to the question of whether and what kind of scenario of reaching a final theory is realized by contemporary physics. We argue that the process of development of physics in the direction of a final theory is potentially final, i.e. expressible in the conceptual schema of effective theories and as such it is convergent to a final theory. In each effective theory there are physical constants, however, whose status differs from logical constants. They have a dimension (length, energy, etc.) and are used to compare physical quantities. The structure of relevant effective theory can be interpreted in the epistemological framework of approximated truth theory. In the case study of cosmological models, the sequence of models is convergent to potentially true model. The Standard Cosmological Model is the theory of the structure and dynamics of the Universe.
6
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The Problems Of Classical Cosmology Motivation For The Quantum Gravity Theory

63%
Golbiak J., Szydłowski M.
Filozofia Nauki
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2005
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vol. 13
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issue 3
39-55
PL
In this paper it is investigated the standard problems of relativistic cosmology like: singularity problem, flatness problem, horizon problem, acceleration problem and problem of structure origin. We discuss nature of these difficulties and we suggest existence of some analogies to the problems of Newtonian cosmology. We argue that the existence of serious problems of relativistic cosmology is strictly related with our understanding of space-time. The overcome of these problems means the exit beyond the standard model. We pointed out that the loop quantum gravity seems to be correct step toward to overcome problems of relativistic cosmology.
7
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The Cosmological Model (CDM, LCDM) in the Conceptual Framework of Effective Theories of the Universe

63%
Szydłowski M., Tambor P.
Filozofia Nauki
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2008
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vol. 16
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issue 3-4
119-139
PL
In the paper we show that modern cosmology has a status of effective theory of the Universe similarly to the standard models in particle physics. We illustrate that the source of such a point of view is the fact that the complete theory of the Universe (TOE) should be complicated enough to derive observables. The role of epistemological emergence in the context of cosmological models (Cold Dark Matter vs. Lambda Cold Dark Matter) is also investigated. We demonstrate that while the effective theories of the Universe are not conceptually simple and elegant, their strength lies in the predictive accuracy and data fitting required for the model testing.
8
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Complex Behaviour of Nonlinear Systems

63%
Szydłowski M., Krawiec A.
Filozofia Nauki
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1998
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vol. 6
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issue 3-4
77-93
PL
In this paper some properties of nonlinear phenomena are discussed. Nonlinearity of the dynamical system may lead to chaotic behaviour of the solutions. Some basic notions of the theory of dynamical systems (such as structural stability, Lapunov exponents, etc.) are explained and the evolution of the understanding of linearphenomena is presented.
9
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Idea of Dynamic Universe – Thought Styles in Cosmology

51%
Szydłowski M., Krawiec A., Tambor P.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2013
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vol. 49
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issue 4(198)
305-319
PL
Patrząc na korzenie współczesnej kosmologii odnajdujemy dwie ważne okoliczności: przejście z kosmologii na podstawie koncepcji czasoprzestrzeni newtonowskiej do kosmologii relatywistycznej i akceptacji idei dynamicznego relatywistycznego wszechświata. Uważamy, że podczas gdy pierwsza jest rewolucją naukową w sensie Kuhna, druga nie ma takiego charakteru. Powodem jest to, że przejście od statycznego Wszechświata Einsteina do Friedmanna dynamicznego Wszechświata odbywa się na fundamentach stworzonych przez ogólną teorię względności. Teoretyczna możliwość dynamicznego wszechświata jest naturalną konsekwencją ogólnej koncepcji względności krzywizny czasoprzestrzeni, ale nie została uznana od samego początku, gdyż Einstein był przekonany, że Wszechświat jest statyczny i nie istnieje rozwiązanie, zgodne z rozszerzającym się wszechświatem. Uważamy, że koncepcja Flecka stylu myślowego jest bardziej adekwatna w rekonstrukcji bardzo
EN
Looking at the roots of modern cosmology we find two important circumstances: the transition from cosmology based on the Newtonian concept of space-time to relativistic cosmology and the acceptance of the idea of dynamical relativistic Universe. We argue that while the former is a scientific revolution in the Kuhn’s sense, the latter has no such a character. The reason is that the transition from Einstein’s static to Friedmann’s dynamic Universe takes place on foundations set up by general relativity theory. The theoretical possibility of dynamic Universe is a natural consequence of general relativity concept of curvature space-time, but it was not recognized from the very beginning, when Einstein was convinced that the Universe is static and did not admit the solutions of expanding Universe. We argue that Fleck’s conception of thought style is more adequate to reconstruct the very complicated process of the dynamical relativistic picture of the Universe (‘Weltbilt’) formation.
10
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Wstęp do bayesowskiej metodologii współczesnej kosmologii

51%
Kurek A., Kukier Ł., Szydłowski M., Tambor P.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2009
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issue 45
62-96
PL
The Bayesian framework is used in reconstruction of modern cosmology which actually concentrates on estimation of model parameters. The authors demonstrate that observational cosmology should be treated as an effective theory of the Universe. It realizes dream of science proposed by logical empirism in some sense, i.e. science should be founded on empirical data from the very beginning, and it formulates and amplifies the hypothesis through new empirical data. They have also shown some limitations of the Bayesian approach as well as its advantages when this approach is applied to cosmology.
11
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Filozoficzne aspekty pojęcia stabilności

50%
Szydłowski M.
Analecta Cracoviensia
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1983
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vol. 15
PL
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