Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 13

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Grupa białoruskich narodowych socjalistów w Polsce w przededniu II wojny światowej

100%
Grzybowski J.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
|
2012
|
issue 4(22.1)
3-21
EN
The article concerns the attempt to create in Poland, in the 1930s, the Belarusian National Socialist Party. The leader and advocate of the idea was Fabian Okinczyc. He believed that National Socialism would contribute to solving social and economic problems of Belarusians and facilitate the creation of the Belarusian state. Belarusian National Socialists were characterized by its severe criticism of the existing political and economic system, anti -Semitism, and hostility towards other Belarusian parties. They hoped that, with the help of the Third Reich, Belarus would gain its independence. Despite the fact that Okinczyc strongly emphasized the relationship with Hitler’s party, Belarusian National Socialists did not consider the Third Reich as a direct model to follow. The National Socialists were unable to win the confidence of the Belarusian people. Their influence among their countrymen was negligible. The activity of Okinczyc’s group met with firm disapproval from the majority of Belarusian politicians and the government of the Second Republic of Poland. The attempt to create the Belarusian National Socialist Party was, in the end, unsuccessful.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Duszpasterstwo wojskowe wyznania prawosławnego Okręgu Korpusu I w latach 1922–1939. Wybrane zagadnienia

100%
Grzybowski J.
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy
|
2016
|
vol. XVII (LXVIII)
|
issue 2-3 (256-257)
119-144
EN
The armed forces of the Second Polish Republic were a true mosaic of nations and denominations. The second largest religious group in the army after the Catholics were members of the Orthodox church. The majority of Orthodox military personnel belonged to the units of the District Corps no. 1 (Warsaw). Pastoral care over those people was taken by a team of Orthodox military chaplains led by the archpriest. The military clergy had to face numerous problems, one of the most important being the the lack of garrison churches, especially in Warsaw. In the 1920s the problem was attempted to be solved by handing over the former Russian Orthodox churches to the Orthodox military clergy. Talks between state and local authorities on one side and representatives of the army and religious denominations on the other did not bring the expected results. The lack of garrison temples caused many difficulties in the pastoral work.
RU
Вооружённые силы 2-й Польской Республики представляли собой настоящую национальную и религиозную мозаику. Второй (после католиков) по численности религиозной группой были православные. Наибольшее число военнослужащих православного вероисповедания было, среди прочих, в отделениях Округа I Корпуса (Варшава). Военное духовенство было вынуждено столкнуться с множеством проблем, среди которых наиважнейшей проблемой был недостаток гарнизонных храмов. В особенности это касалось Варшавы. В двадцатых годах были предприняты попытки решить эту проблему путём передачи военному духовенству православного вероисповедания некогда русских церквей. Переговоры между центральными и местными властями, представителями армии с участием духовенства отдельных религиозных концессий, однако, не принесли ожидаемых результатов. Нехватка гарнизонных храмов была причиной многих трудностей пасторской работы.
PL
Siły zbrojne II Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły prawdziwą mozaikę narodowościową i religijną. Drugą (po katolikach) co do liczebności grupą wyznaniową w wojsku byli prawosławni. Najwięcej wojskowych wyznania prawosławnego skupiały m.in. oddziały Okręgu Korpusu nr I (Warszawa). Opiekę duchowną nad tymi ludźmi sprawował zespół kapelanów wojskowych wyznania prawosławnego z ks. protoprezbiterem na czele. Duchowieństwo wojskowe musiało zmierzyć się z wieloma problemami, z których jednym z najważniejszych był brak świątyń garnizonowych. Dotyczyło to zwłaszcza Warszawy. W latach dwudziestych problem ten próbowano rozwiązać poprzez przekazanie na potrzeby duszpasterstwa wojskowego wyznania prawosławnego byłych cerkwi rosyjskich. Rozmowy pomiędzy władzami państwowymi i samorządowymi, przedstawicielami wojska z udziałem duchowieństwa poszczególnych konfesji religijnych nie przyniosły jednak oczekiwanych rezultatów. Brak świątyń garnizonowych przysparzał wiele trudności w pracy duszpasterskiej.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Polscy górnicy w Estonii w latach 1937–1939

100%
Grzybowski J.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 3
101-122
EN
The purpose of the publication is to present the fate of Polish miners in Estonia between 1937 and 1939. Until now, this topic has only been hinted at by some Polish historians while doing other research. This article is based on Polish and Estonian documents which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the National Archives of Estonia in Tallinn, respectively. This allowed the Polish and Estonian viewpoints on the subject to be compared. Taking into account the state of research on the discussed topic, the article presents such issues as the genesis, course and consequences of the emigration of Polish miners to Estonia. The analysis of Polish and Estonian documents indicates that the main reason for labour migration from Poland to Estonia was material deprivation, which went hand in hand with access to the foreign labour market. Lack of work opportunities and poverty in Poland forced miners to seek work abroad. At the same time, economic changes in Estonia during the interwar period led to the emergence of new industries in the country, the most important of which was the fuel industry. Estonia needed foreign miners to work in shale mines. Poland was the only country that supplied Estonia with miners, as the budding Estonian oil industry was unable to meet the demands for skilled professionals from Western Europe.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Komunistyczny aparat bezpieczeństwa w Polsce wobec mniejszości białoruskiej w kraju i Białorusinów antykomunistów na Zachodzie (w latach czterdziestych, pięćdziesiątych i sześćdziesiątych)

100%
Grzybowski J.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
|
2011
|
issue 1(17)
263-296
EN
A group of people of Belarusian origin who used to collaborate with the Third Reich during World War II settled down in postwar Poland. From the very beginning, due to their anti-Communist past, they were under the watchful eye of the Bezpieka (Department of Public Security, Resort Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego and later Ministry of Public Security, Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego). According to the definition derived from the security apparatus’ dictionary, that category of Polish citizens was the so-called „Belarusian burgeois nationalists”. During the 1940s and 1950s „nationalists’” circles were under constant Bezpieka’s control. Those who belonged to the Belarusian anti-Communist political emigration in the West were taken a close interest in of the Security apparatus’ services. Polish citizens of Belarusian origin were being exploited in the process of uncovering activists of Belarusian opposition in the West. In order to haven them being kept under active surveillance inside and outside the country, Polish security apparatus worked in collaboration with the Soviet one.
5
Content available remote

Взаимоотношения русской и белорусской антикоммунистической эмиграции на Западе в первое первое послевоенное десятилетие

100%
Grzybowski J.
Echa Przeszłości
|
2014
|
vol. 15
171-184
EN
Many Central-Eastern European refugees and йmigrйs settled in the West after World War II Political elites in exile attempted to work out a set of principles that would enaЬle them to join forces in their fight against communism. For this common goal to Ьe achieved, they first had to resolve internal disputes and conflicts. The article discusses the relations Ьetween Belarusian and Russian йmigrйs who actively opposed communism. It analyses the positions adopted Ьy Belarusian and Russian immigration activists after the fall of the USSR in matters relating to their mutual relations. The article examines the negotiations that were staged to reach a compromise on fundamental issues and analyses the key reasons for their failure.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Białoruska Komisja Wojskowa: powstanie i działalność (1919-1921)

100%
Grzybowski J.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
|
2021
|
issue 2
137-152
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Białorusini wśród uchodźców polskich na Środkowym Wschodzie i w Afryce Wschodniej w latach II wojny światowej

100%
Grzybowski J.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
|
2005
|
issue 2(8)
329-345
EN
Between March and August 1942 about 2,000 Belarussian civilians (Polish citizens, members of the Orthodox Church) were evacuated to Iran together with the Army of Anders. At the time, the Soviet authorities attempted to keep people who were not ethnic Poles in the USSR. For this reason the Belarussians had to declare themselves Polish catholic or even change their surname. The Polish citizens of the Belarussian nationality were well-disposed towards Poland. The fact that the Polish government helped them to leave the “inhuman land” inspired their gratitude. Their loyalty to the state was expressed by declarations of the Belarussian Committee, led by a priest Michal Bozerianow, addressing the Polish Government and the president of the USA. The committee was founded in 1942 in Iran. The aforesaid declarations proclaimed the will of the Belarussian nation to affiliate with Poland, not with the USSR. According to Bozerianow, the Belarussian question could have been used as an argument in the Polish-Soviet dispute over the Polish eastern borderland. Therefore, the commitee asked to introduce its representative to the National Council. However the Polish Government left the proposition out of consideration. In 1943 most of the Belarussian refugees were transferred to East Africa. Although not all the Belarussians supported the Soviet authorities, and those who were refugees had very positive attitude towards Poland, the whole Belarussian community was believed to be biased towards the Communists and against the Poles. It led to an open religious conflict which lasted until the closure of the camps. The conflict changed the mood of loyalty and caused unwillingness to cooperate with the Polish people. In 1948, after the liquidation of the Polish camps in Africa, most of the Polish citizens of Belarussian nationality forced their way to Europe and America. Some of the Belarussians joined the Belarussian Association in the Great Britain.
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Powojenne losy żołnierzy Polskich Sił Zbrojnych na Zachodzie po powrocie na Białoruś

100%
Grzybowski J.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
|
2007
|
issue 1(11)
227-243
EN
A large part of Polish Armed Forces in the West fi ghting on the western fronts during the Second World War were soldiers from north-eastern borderlands of the Second Polish Republic. Although most of these soldiers decided to stay abroad after the war, between 1946 and 1948 about one thousand men from borderlands came back, mainly because of family reasons, to their homeland, the territory of which belonged now to the USSR. The Soviet side had been trying to persuade as many “Anders’ soldiers” as possible to come back, even as early as in the last years of war. Despite that fact, after coming back the were treated as “hostile elements” and “soldiers of Anders the traitor”. After repatriation to the Belorussian Soviet Socialistic Republic ex-soldiers of Polish Armed Forces in the West did not receive any combatant rights, and many of them even suffered repressions (arrests, faked criminal accusations, expropriations). Despite their heroism, medals or wounds suffered in the war with the Nazi, in their Soviet army booklets it was often written: “did not take part in warfare activities”. These people did not match an artificial, created by Soviet authorities pattern of an USSR citizen – a Soviet patriot, who participated in a Great Patriotic War, thus because of their moral standards, which were different from “valid” ones, and because of their different world view and freethinking, they were decided to be not useful for Soviet society. In April 1951 ex-soldiers of Polish Armed Forces in the West together with their families were deported to Siberia. Only after Belarus obtained independence, these people were given status of the Second World War participants and due combatant privileges.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Opieka konsularna nad polskimi emigrantami sezonowymi na Łotwie w latach 1928–1939

100%
Grzybowski J.
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 14
76-92
EN
The interwar Polish state was plagued by many social and economic problems. Among them were unemployment and poverty. The problem of surplus of labor in the Polish countryside coincided with the dynamic development of agriculture in the Latvian state. As a result, thousands of Polish farmers went to Latvia to work in local agriculture. Emigration from Poland to Latvia was seasonal. In the years 1928–1939, over 100,000 Poles passed through Latvian agriculture. The Polish consulates in Riga and Daugavpils took care of these emigrants. These consulates could not complain about the lack of work. In particular, related obligations were imposed on the Consulate of the Republic of Poland in Riga, which looked after the largest number of Polish economic emigrants. Consulates defended the interests of emigrants in situations of disputes with Latvian employers. A characteristic feature of Polish seasonal emigration to Latvia was that it mainly consisted of rural youth who had never left their hometown before. This required the Polish authorities to pay special attention to the issue of caring for these people. Therefore, consular offices tried to take care of the image of emigrants and influence their behavior as well as moral and national attitudes.
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

История белорусской государственности. В пяти томах

100%
Grzybowski J.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
|
2020
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
215-223
11
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Беларускі тэатр у міжваеннай Латвіі

100%
Grzybowski J.
Acta Albaruthenica
|
2023
|
issue 23
7-30
PL
Międzywojenna Łotwa stanowiła jedno z największych skupisk ludności białoruskiej poza granicami Białorusi. Większość łotewskich Białorusinów to była ludność autochtoniczna, która zamieszkiwała Łatgalię. Do 1934 r. mniejszość białoruska cieszyła się autonomią kulturową, która objawiała się w działalności organizacji społeczno-politycznych i kulturalno-oświatowych. Jednym z przejawów aktywności białoruskiej była działalność teatralna. Działacze białoruscy traktowali teatr jako sposób na krzewienie białoruskiej kultury i świadomości narodowej. Artyści rekrutowali się spośród nauczycieli i uczniów szkół białoruskich. Na deskach teatrów grano sztuki klasyków białoruskich, rzadziej zagranicznych (m.in. łotewskich). W pierwszych latach niepodległości Łotwy działalność teatralną prowadziły niektóre białoruskie organizacje kulturalno-oświatowe. Powstały również amatorskie zespoły teatralne w szkołach średnich w Dyneburgu i Lucynie. Ważnym wydarzeniem w rozwoju miejscowego teatru białoruskiego stało się utworzenie w 1927 r. Towarzystwa Teatru Białoruskiego na Łotwie, które posiadało dwie filie – w Rydze i Deneburgu. Pomimo braku fachowców i doświadczenia białoruskie zespoły teatralne cieszyły się sporym zainteresowaniem publiczności.
BE
Міжваенная Латвія з'яўлялася месцам кампактнага пражывання беларускага насельніцтва па-за межамі Беларусі. Большасць латышскіх беларусаў была аўтахтонным насельніцтвам Латгаліі. Да 1934 г. беларуская меншасць карысталася культурнай аўтаноміяй, дзякуючы чаму ў краіне дзейнічалі беларускія грамадска-палітычныя і культурна-асветніцкія арганізацыі. Адной з праяў беларускай нацыянальнай актыўнасці была тэатральная дзейнасць. Беларускія дзеячы разглядалі тэатр як сродак пашырэння беларускай культуры і беларускай нацыянальнай свядомасці. Ядро артыстаў складалі настаўнікі і вучні беларускіх школ. На сцэнах граліся п'есы айчынных класікаў, радзей замежных (у тым ліку латышскіх). У першыя гады незалежнасці тэатральнай дзейнасцю займаліся ў асноўным культурна-асветныя арганізацыі. Апрача таго, самадзейныя тэатральныя гурткі былі створаны ў сярэдніх школах у Дзвінску і Люцыне. Важнай падзеяй у развіцці мясцовага беларускага тэатра стала стварэнне ў 1927 г. Беларускага тэатральнага таварыства ў Латвіі, якое мела два аддзелы – у Рызе і Дзвінску. Нягледзячы на недахоп прафесіяналаў і досведу, беларускія спектаклі карысталіся значнай цікавасцю з боку гледачоў.
EN
Interwar Latvia was one of the largest concentrations of the Belarusian population outside Belarus. The majority of Latvian Belarusians were indigenous people who lived in Latgale. Until 1934, the Belarusian minority enjoyed cultural autonomy, which manifested itself in the activities of socio-political, cultural and educational organizations. One of the manifestations of Belarusian activity was theatrical activity. Belarusian activists treated theater as a way to promote Belarusian culture and Belarusian national awareness. The core of the artists were teachers and students of Belarusian schools. Plays by Belarusian authors were played on the stages of theaters, less frequently foreign ones (including Latvian ones). In the first years of Latvian independence, some Belarusian cultural and educational organizations conducted theater activities. In addition, amateur theater groups were established in secondary schools in Daugavpils and Ludza. An important event in the development of the local Belarusian theater was the establishment in 1927 of the Belarusian Theater Society in Latvia, which had two branches – in Riga and Daugavpils. Despite the lack of professionals and experience, Belarusian theater groups enjoyed the interest of the audience.
12
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

История белорусской государственности. В пяти томах

88%
Grzybowski J.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
|
2020
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
215-223
13
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Modeling crystal growth: Polyhedra with faces parallel to the planes x1 ± x2 ± x3 = 0

63%
Grzybowski J., Urbański R.
Bulletin de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Łódź, Série: Recherches sur les déformations
|
2018
|
vol. 68
|
issue 3
39-50
PL
https://doi.org/10.26485/0459-6854/2018/68.3/3 Rosnący kryształ można interpretować jako szereg wielościanów o ścianach równoległych do skończonego zbioru płaszczyzn. Taki szereg tworzy krzywą, na ogół linię łamaną, w wektorowej przestrzeni wielościanów wirtualnych. W tym artykule badamy geometrię stożka wszystkich wielościanów o ścianach równoległych do ścian ośmiościanu foremnego.
EN
https://doi.org/10.26485/0459-6854/2018/68.3/3 A growing crystal can be understood as a series of polyhedra with faces parallel to planes from a fixed finite set. Such series of polyhedra forms a curve, often broken line, in a vector space of virtual polyhedra. In this paper we apply a modified Minkowski addition to study geometry of a cone of all polyhedra with faces parallel the faces of regular octahedron.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.