Results found: 2

Search results

Sort By:

Limit search:

Niemiecka sloboda w Moskwie w XVI–XVII wieku

100%

Menes R.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2012

vol. 10

79-100

The German sloboda, an autonomous administrative unit in the area of the early modern Moscow, was one of the eight foreign slobodas. German sloboda owed its name to its inhabitants, both ethnic Germans and other west European nations, speaking languages that were incomprehensible to the majority of Russians. The origins of the German sloboda are to be looked for in ephemeral colonies created by tsars: Ivan the Terrible (in the second half of the XVI century) and Boris Godunov (in the ﬁrst decade of the XVII century). The colonies were inhabited by people resettled from Livonia and other emigrants. In the second half of the XVII century, tsars from the new Romanov dynasty, rebuilding the country after war destructions, used foreign, usually western, artisans. Military men constituted the majority the foreigners living in those times in the new German sloboda on the river Jauza; there were also representatives of other professions: interpreters, lawyers, doctors, teachers, tailors, jewelers, metallurgists, gunsmiths, etc. Inhabitants of the German sloboda enjoyed religious freedom, were released from tjaglo (the majority of feudal burdens), could purchase estates in Russia and conduct international commerce. The German sloboda inhabitants, creating foundations of Russian industry, facilitated economic development of the country. Moreover, Germans played an important role in Russian culture, initiating changes in fashion, painting, architecture and creating the theatre.

Niemiecka Słoboda w Moskwie w czasach przedpiotrowych

100%

Menes R.

Res Historica

2012

issue 33

49-69

The German sloboda (Nemetskaya sloboda) was one of the eight foreigners’ slobodas (quarters), i.e. autonomous administrative units in early modern Moscow. The German sloboda owed its name to its inhabitants: both ethnic Germans and members of other West European communities, who spoke languages incomprehensible to most Russians. Precursors to the German sloboda were ephemeral settlements for resettled people from Livonia and immigrants, established by tsars: Ivan IV the terrible (the latter half of the 16-th c.) and then by Boris Godunov (in the first decade of the 17-th c.) In the latter half of the 17th century, the tsars of the new Romanov dynasty, when rebuilding the Russian state from war devastation, used the help from foreign, mostly West European, craftsmen. Among the foreigners who were first settled in the new German sloboda on the Yauza river, there were predominantly military men; apart from them, there were also many representatives of different professions and occupations: translators, lawyers, physicians, teachers, tailors, jewelers, metallurgists, gunsmiths, etc. The inhabitants of the German sloboda were granted freedom of religion, they were exempt from tiaglo (most of feudal duties to the state), they were allowed to buy landed estates in Russia and conduct foreign trade. The inhabitants of the German sloboda contributed to the economic development of Russia, by laying the foundations of the local industry and organizing the postal system. The Germans also played a significant role in Russian culture by initiating transformations in fashions, painting, architecture, and by establishing theatre.

Refine search results

1 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

1 Res Historica

2 2012

2 Menes R.

Search results

Niemiecka sloboda w Moskwie w XVI–XVII wieku

Niemiecka Słoboda w Moskwie w czasach przedpiotrowych