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1
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„Duchowość kobiety”, red. J. Augustyn, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2007, ss. 232.

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Gdańskie
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2008
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issue 22
229-232
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Tajemnica i analogia we współczesnym mówieniu o Bogu

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Świeżyński A.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2014
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vol. 35
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issue 1
59-69
EN
The language of theology has always been liable to get to one of two extremes. The first one consists in an assumption that we cannot say anything about God as the Divine Being cannot be expressed in human language. The other extreme assumption is that theological terms can be used unequivocally both in the discourse on God and on man. One way to avoid those two traps is to adopt the method of analogy. A discrepancy between the „theory” regarding God and the experience” of His actions (or lack of action) in one’s life, poses a challenge for modern theology. The use of analogy in statements about God does not in itself prevent the conflict between commonly accepted statements about God and His experience in everyday life. However, metaphorical analogy provides a defined mediation, which may be qualified as an indirect recognition of some states of things by human mind. How does it influence the question of recognition and acknowledgment of God’s existence? Perhaps, we are doomed to everlasting shifts from one analogy to another in order to grasp the fact of His presence and activity.
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William H. Shannon, Milcząca lampa. Opowieść o Thomasie Mertonie, tłum. z ang. A. Wojtasik, P. Ducher, „Homini" - „Gaudium", Bydgoszcz-Lublin 2002, ss. 445.

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Gdańskie
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2002-2003
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issue 15-16
208-210
4
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Jerzy Grzybowski, „Małżeńskie temperamenty”, Wydawnictwo „M”, Kraków 2007, ss. 136.

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Gdańskie
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2008
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issue 22
232-234
5
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Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Wokół poszukiwania życia w kosmosie”. Instytut Filozofii UKSW, Warszawa, 16 grudnia 2015 r.

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 1
160-172
6
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Od idei samorództwa do teorii abiogenezy kosmicznej. Zarys systematyzacji teorii dotyczących pochodzenia życia

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 3
129-152
EN
The question of the origin of life interested people for centuries. All existing views on this subject can be classified into different areas of our knowledge of the world: natural sciences, philosophy, and theology. Some theories (perhaps the majority) contain more or less explicit elements from all of these areas. Thus, it is helpful to take a closer look at them and to classify all the typical groups of theories about the origins of life. We can in this way stress their mutual connections and clarify their own nature. Nowadays, driving forces of pre-biological chemical evolution and the explanation of the transition from “non-life into life” present a great variety of solutions. The differences between the theories, however, as well as the current controversies in the scientific community (e.g., what was “in the beginning”?; where did prebiotic evolution take place? etc.), will be shown to be of secondary importance in comparison with several much more profound philosophical assumptions underlying the origin-of-life-studies. The attempt to organize and classify different types of theories on the genesis of life allows to take into account different kinds of perspectives (theistic, philosophical and scientific), and to compare them to each other. The most general division between theories is based on a distinction between metaphysical conceptions and scientific ones. Some theories answer the question of the emergence of life in general, whereas others tackle the question of the origin of life on Earth only. It is interesting that two traditional ideas concerning the problem of the origin of life (i.e., spontaneous generation and panspermia) are still at play in contemporary scientific research, albeit in a modified form. In the perspective of contemporary scientific research on the origin of life it seems interesting that two main ideas concerning the problem of the origin of life, spontaneous generation and panspermia, are still present as presuppositions of certain theories but have been modified. Moreover, it is evident that the theistic view of the origin of life (creation) does not have to fall into conflict with contemporary scientific theories. Rather, they are complementary. This article is an extension, explanation and refinement of the proposed scheme of the main types of theories on the origin of life. An attempt to classify various biogenesis theories is also proposed. One of the most important questions that will be addressed concerns the philosophical presumptions of biogenetics still informing current research as well as scientific explanations of the origin of life.
PL
Zagadnienie pochodzenia życia stanowi przedmiot ludzkich dociekań od wieków. Wszystkie istniejące poglądy na ten temat można przyporządkować do różnych obszarów ludzkiej wiedzy o świecie: nauk przyrodniczych, filozofii, teologii. Warto przyjrzeć się im bliżej i spróbować uporządkować je według określonej typologii. Można wówczas dostrzec istniejące między nimi powiązania i relacje, które wskazują na charakter tych poglądów. Różnice między istniejącymi współcześnie teoriami biogenezy, występujące na gruncie przyrodniczym, zostaną przedstawione jako drugorzędne w porównaniu z różnicami wynikającymi z filozoficznych założeń leżących u podstaw badań nad genezą życia. Propozycja uporządkowania i klasyfikacji różnego rodzaju teorii genezy życia umożliwia wyodrębnienie koncepcji określonego typu: teistycznych, filozoficznych i przyrodniczych oraz porównanie ich ze sobą. Najbardziej ogólny podział w tym zakresie pozwala na wyróżnienie koncepcji metafizycznych i koncepcji przyrodniczych. Niektóre z nich odpowiadają na pytanie o powstanie życia w ogóle, a inne dotyczą jedynie kwestii pochodzenia życia na Ziemi. W perspektywie współczesnych badań naukowych na temat pochodzenia życia wydaje się interesujące, że dwie główne historyczne idee dotyczące problemu powstania życia, samorództwo i panspermia, wciąż są obecne w założeniach wspomnianych teorii, oczywiście w zmodyfikowanej postaci. Artykuł stanowi omówienie i wyjaśnienie proponowanego schematu klasyfikacji głównych typów teorii na temat pochodzenia życia, w którym kluczową rolę odgrywa kryterium natury filozoficznej. Jednym z najważniejszych pytań, na które wspomniany schemat dostarcza odpowiedzi, jest pytanie o to, które z filozoficznych założeń obecne w przyrodniczych teoriach biogenezy okazały się trwałe mimo zmian i różnic występujących w ich warstwie ściśle przyrodniczej.
7
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Some remarks on the significance of paradox for science in the context of photometric paradox case

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Świeżyński A.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2018
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vol. 54
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issue 4
89-116
EN
A paradox is an argument that produces an inconsistency, typically within logic or common sense. Most paradoxes are known to be invalid arguments but are still valuable in promoting critical thinking. In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers’ paradox (photometric; “dark night-sky”), named after German scholar Heinrich Olbers, is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. If the universe is static and populated by an infinite number of stars, any sight line from Earth must end at the bright surface of a star, so the night sky should be completely bright. This contradicts the observed darkness of the night. Modern research on the essence of the photometric paradox (and attempts to neutralize it undertaken in the history of science) lead to the conclusion that its paradoxicality is resulting primarily from the precedence of human thought (ideas, theories) in relation to the possibility of its proper empirical verification. Therefore, the paradox of “dark night-sky” and attempts to overcome it may be instructive proof that something so plain and obvious, as available to anyone look at the starry night sky, sometimes, for respectively keen observer, give an opportunity to look ahead much further (and sometimes more accurately to reality) than empirical research allow at the moment. The photometric paradox created an opportunity for the unveiling of a new cognitive horizon by exceeding the existing scheme of thought and thereby acquiring new scientific knowledge, enriching the knowledge gained so far and deepening our understanding of Universe.
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