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Polityka władz państwowych wobec szkolnictwa w województwie poleskim w latach 1919–1939

100%
Smolarczyk A.
Res Historica
|
2012
|
issue 33
109-134
EN
The educational and school policies were the consequence of the nationality policy aimed at the assimilation and Polonization of ethnic minorities living in the Poleskie (Polesie) province. In the early 1920s the propagation of national education was meant to impact the consciousness of children and young people in the struggle against communist influences and the political and cultural impact of ethnic minorities. The buildup of the network of elementary schools in the Poleskie province was expected to ensure the advantage of the Polish element over the Belarusian and Ukrainian populations. In the early 1930s the authorities set two fundamental objectives before the elementary school system: to arouse the feeling of belonging to the Polish nation in the nationally unconscious Poleszuk (inhabitant of the Polesie region), and to discourage children and young people from communist indoctrination. The factor that integrated the educational issues was the idea of state education, which would unite all national factors within the common state. State education was soon withdrawn from school practice. In the mid-1930s there was a clear return to the idea of national education. Assimilation and Polonization policies were revived. Schools and education were again used by the state authorities as the basic tools for realizing these ideas.
2

Publiczne szkolnictwo powszechne dla mniejszości narodowych w województwie poleskim w latach 1919-1939

100%
Smolarczyk A.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2012
|
vol. 49
111-137
EN
The article presents the public elementary school system for national minorities in the province of Polesia in 1919-1939. Liberal policy of the Germans towards school system on the territories occupied by them during the I World War gave rise to more intensive national aspirations of Belarusian and Ukrainian population living in Polesia. It was a reason why a network of Belarusian and Ukrainian elementary school systems came into being. As soon as the Civil Board of Eastern Territories (Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich) took control over school system, it started eliminating Belarussian and Ukrainian schools in place of which it created Polish schools. It was only on 31 July 1924 when the utraquist bill established organizational principles for school system of Belarusians and Ukrainians. The purpose of this bill was to integrate minorities living in the Eastern part of II Polish Republic with the Polish state and culture as well as to satisfy educational aspirations of these minorities. Minorities regarded the utraquist bill as deeply unjust and undemocratic. Declarations for schools in mother tongues caused sharp political conflicts. School plebiscites in southern districts of Polesia led to competition between Belarusian and Ukrainian minorities. Huge social discontent was a reaction to the abuses of Polish authorities that collected declarations for schools teaching in Belarusian and Ukrainian. The utraquist bill from 31 July 1924 was implemented in most of Belarusian and Ukrainian schools already in school year 1925/1926. At the beginning of the thirties state authorities hardened their attitude towards Belarusian school system in Polesia as a result of its general attitude to the national Belarusian movement. The latter was just found too weak to be reckoned with.
3

[materiały] Prywatne szkolnictwo powszechne w województwie poleskim w latach 1919-1939

75%
Smolarczyk A.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2013
|
vol. 50
149-178
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