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1

Settlement and funerary microstructures in the studies on prehistoric societies. The case of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture

100%
Czopek S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2015
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vol. 67
77-100
EN
The present paper presents a microstructural analysis of cemeteries and settlements. With regard to cemeteries, the paper examines individual graves and their clusters and with regard to settlements the paper focuses on settlement features. Based on selected sources the article offers an interpretative model and concludes with a microregional analysis in which the mutual relationship between settlements and cemeteries has been examined. The cases explored herewith and the results achieved in the course of analysis allow for the supposition that studies on settlement and funerary microstructures are a basic method for revealing the characteristics of the lowest social strata, i.e. the family and microregional group (understood as members of a particular socjety who buried their dead at a nearby cemetery).
2

Bemerkungen zur pommerschen Kultur in Südostpolen

100%
Czopek S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2013
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vol. 65
225–252
EN
In the article the author aims at verifying the previous studies concerning the presence of the Pomeranian Culture in the south-east Poland. He bases his study on new sources and results of scientific datings. The new materials indicate that the Pomeranian Culture was more significant in the south-east Poland that it was previously estimated. The obtained chronological data enables us to assign the Pomeranian Culture materials to the period between HaD3 (HaD3/LtA ?) and LtC, i.e. from the end of the 4th to the mid-3th century BC. Some data suggests considerable degree of microregional diversity of the settlement. What is important, however, is the presence of permanently utilized settlements. Succession is characteristic for many of them: the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture from the Early Iron Age was followed by the Pomeranian Culture.
3
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Grodzisko w Chotyńcu – problem ochrony konserwatorskiej i zagospodarowania dla potrzeb edukacyjnych

100%
Czopek S.
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
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2020
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issue 41
111-126
EN
The article, while discussing the importance of archaeological research conducted for several years within the Early Iron Age fortified settlement in Chotyniec, focuses on the need to make decisions considering the further protection of this unique site. Furthermore, it draws up the program of establishing the Chotyniec Culture Park as a place of protection, research and popularization of knowledge about prehistory. The idea of public archaeology fits in a broader regional context with the need to protect the local cultural landscape.
4
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Zmiana kulturowa z perspektywy archeologii kulturowo-historycznej

100%
Czopek S.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2011
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vol. 6
317-342
EN
The article discusses the origins of aspects of cultural change using the example of archaeological cultures in south-eastern Poland, and with special reference to the meso-region of the lower Wisłok River. This study concludes that it is difficult to identify local roots in a traditional cultural-historical sense for most cultures within the study area. Attention is therefore focused on migrations and other population movements, as well as more complex external impacts on local populations, which are regarded as the main factors stimulating cultural change. In addition, some transformations and formations of new units may be due to local development (evolution) of cultures.
5
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Koniec "łużyckiego świata"

100%
Czopek S.
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
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2022
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issue 43
159-168
EN
The article is devoted to the disappearance of the Lusatian cultural circle, also traditionally called the Lusatian culture or, in more recent literature, the Lusatian urnfields. At the beginning, terminological issues are clarified and views on the disappearance of this cultural unit, which played an important role in Central Europe in the middle of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, are presented. The main analytical part focuses on four regions within today’s borders of Poland – north-western, north-eastern, south-western and south-eastern. This is due to the sharply outlined foreign cultural features that are particularly sharp in these regions. This applies to the infiltration of the Jastorf culture (and earlier Nordic influences), the Baltic circle, the Hallstatt cultural complex and the Eastern European nomadic world. They are the aftermath of migration movements of varying intensity and chronology, but always within the early Iron Age (9th/8th–5th centuries BC). Signs of the structural crisis of the local Lusatian communities, which are very fragmented and do not constitute a cultural monolith, are also important for the considerations undertaken. The issue of changes in the natural environment on the border of the subboreal and subatlantic periods is also considered.
6
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The size and structure of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture population

63%
Czopek S., Trybała-Zawiślak K.
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
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2022
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issue 43
125-133
EN
Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture is a cultural unit distinguished in south-eastern Poland, spanning from the middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age (and thus roughly from the 14th/13th to the 5th/4th century BC). One of its most characteristic features are large crematory cemeteries (the largest consisting of more than a thousand tombs), utilized for many centuries. For many of them, apart from standard archaeological information, we also possess anthropological analysis, perfect for demographic considerations. One can specify the size and structure of the population which used the cemetery, as well as study the dynamics of changes in the course of a long period of burying the dead in the same place. Such an analysis in the form of social microstructure research is the basis of inference at a higher level, including mesoregions settlement, characterized by a network of co-occurring cemeteries and accompanying settlements. The sum of these observations, in turn, allows us to estimate the number of people living in the territory assigned to Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. At each level of inference in terms of population size, a crucial role is played by possibly the most accurate and precise estimation of time of cemetery usage or the presence of settlements in the analyzed region.
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