Search results - CEJSH

1

SPEAKER-LISTENER RELATIONS IN COMMUNICATING BY DESCRIPTIVE STATUS (Relacje nadawczo-odbiorcze w komunikowaniu sie za pomoca statusów opisowych)

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Fabiszak J.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2008

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issue 2(6)

131-146

EN

Descriptive status is a new kind of communication. It does not have any counterparts in virtual space or in reality. It is interesting because it does not fit to any of communication levels described by D. McQuil and it is different from all known forms of interaction. The fact that the text appears in specific situation (half-private, between direct and indirect) forms its linguistic uniqueness: maximal brevity, lack of indicators of speaker and listener (omission of pronouns and personal forms of verbs). Descriptive status reveals intimacy of its creator and, on the other hand, it is a form of selfcreation. The authoress used different methods during the studies: analysis of content and grammar of descriptive statuses, functional analysis of certain elements concerning communicational situation.

2

THE STATE OF INCOMPLETENESS IN A BILINGUAL USER

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Krezalek A., Wysocka M. S.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2009

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vol. 30

253-260

EN

The main concern of this paper is to investigate the relation between self evaluation of the L1 and L2 linguistic competences by bilingual university students and the concepts of fossilization and attrition. The two terms refer to changes in language proficiency and imply a state of incompleteness of linguistic knowledge of both languages. Fossilization is identified as stagnation in attaining the target language proficiency whereas attrition is described as a loss of aspects of previously acquired linguistic knowledge. The former occurs at the level of active L2 development whereas the latter takes place at the state of post-active language acquisition. The paper constitutes an attempt to investigate the significance of the two concepts in the processes of bilingual development and maintenance. It considers the manifestations of fossilization and attrition as well as their indications as to the linguistic competences of bilingual users. It eventually attempts to estimate how widespread the two phenomena may be in the bilingual context and what their product is.

3

Suffisant lecteur and perilous entrapments. Introduction into reading of the Michel de Montaigne's Essais

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Sendyka R.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2005

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issue 4(94)

56-72

EN

The article provides a short overview of the 400-year-long reception of the seminal work by the French renaissance writer. It discusses the question of Montaigne's fathering the genre of essay and the possibility of acknowledging his oeuvre as the most typical, prototype-like example of the kind emerging in the Early Modern literature. The main interest is focused on the possible reading tactics used to interpret Essais, suggested or enacted by its followers, editors, critics, researchers and by Michel de Montaigne himself. Two mainstream practices are emphasized: the more traditional, unifying and classifying, leading to an image of the Essais as a coherent, humanist manifesto; and the new one, undertaken by postmodern critics who stress the inexhaustivity, illimitability, undecidability of the essayistic text turning into a perilous territory of the combat between the deceptive self controlling the essay and the one who attempts to read it.

4

SOLOVYOV AND THE END TIMES

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Drozdek A.

Slavia Orientalis

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2007

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vol. 56

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issue 2

181-192

EN

In 'A short tale about the antichrist', Solovyov describes the antichrist of the end times whose intellectual abilities and his philosophical and social program bears remarkable resemblance to Solovyov himself. The antichrist wrote a book that solved all the problems and set the world on the right track; Solovyov from very early age was compelled to devote his life to reconcile faith and reason, religion and science. The antichrist aimed at the universal peace; Solovyov was convinced that the universal peace should be the true goal of international politics and wanted to contribute to this peace though his work. The antichrist promoted an unconstrained freedom of thought and so did Solovyov. The antichrist wanted to reconcile all contradictions; for Solovyov, the all-unity is one of the most important elements of his philosophy. The only difference is that the antichrist does no even mention the name of Christ in the description of his program. The antichrist is Solovyov, or a Solovyov-like figure, minus Christ, showing, according to Solovyov, what happens if the best of philosophical and social programs are not based on Christ.

5

THREE DISCOURSES IN THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF LlTERARY WORKS

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Fiala E.

Ruch Literacki

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2008

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vol. 49

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issue 2(287)

183-198

EN

Psychoanalytical criticism has been dominated by two interpretative discourses that descend from Freud's classical psychoanalysis. This article presents an alternative to the post-Freudian consensus in the form of a new paradigm based on the insights and ideas of Erich Fromm. While the first of the two post-Freudian approaches is concerned with identifying the unconscious desire believed to hold a hermeneutical key to the understanding of the text, the other sees the work as a crystallization of unconscious structures of the mind. The third, alternative approach views the work as a manifestation of the idol against the background of the social unconscious.

6

NECESSARY CONDITIONS OF THE MENZERATH-ALTMANN LAW (Warunki zachodzenia prawa Menzeratha-Altmanna)

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Kulacka A.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2009

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issue 1(7)

17-28

EN

In the paper the authoress discusses conditions necessary for the Menzerath-Altmann law to hold. The research was conducted on Polish and English syntax and a suitable comparison between texts under the research has been made. In the opening of the article, the statistical language law is presented and the technique of its research has been outlined. They are followed by all necessary assumptions deciding whether the law would hold and the conditions for it to hold.

7

ARCHAISM OR LITHUANIAN INFLUENCES? ON PRE-POSITIONING OF GENITIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL ATTRIBUTES IN KAUNAS-POLISH VARIETY (Archaizm czy lituanizm? O prepozycji przydawki dopelniaczowej i przyimkowej w polszczyznie kowienskiej)

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Medelska J.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2008

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vol. 32

79-92

EN

The article contains a linguistic analysis of cases present in Polish texts coming from north-west borderlands, where a genitive and prepositional attribute is placed before an attributed noun. The discussion was stimulated by the fact that many Polish interwar publications printed in Kaunas included several dozen attributes employed in a peculiar inversion e.g.: 'zaocznego sposobu nauczania instytucja 'Samoksztalcenie' byla zalozona w roku 1931'; 'Nauczyciel siedzial na katedrze i sluchal uczniów lekcji'; 'na glowe zakladali skórzana z rogami czapke'. The analysis showed that in the 20th century northern-borderland Polish language variety, pre-positioning of genitive attribute appear in the vast majority of cases in texts originating from the so-called indigenous Lithuania and reflect syntactic structures characteristic of the Lithuanian language (compare Lithuanian constructions and their Polish equivalents: 'Onos namas - Anny dom' or 'Jules Leles - Juli lalki'). Pre-positioning of this type of attributes was, as late as in the 19th century, a standard procedure and was retained longer in the borderlands known for their conservatism. Beside this, inversion was, and in fact still is, used as a stylistic measure. Peculiar attributes placed before nouns, appearing numerously in texts of north-borderland origin written in areas where there was no influence on the part of the Lithuanian language, e.g. in 'Wspomnienia dziecinstwa' (Childhood Memories) by Franciszek Mickiewicz, brother of the poet (e.g. pawlogrodzkiego huzarów pulku; Wilenskiego Uniwersytetu Profesorowie) are not, as it seems, an individual feature of this memoirist's style, but rather more general property of 'borderland writing', festive, solemn and exceptionally strongly rooted in tradition.

8

ABOUT THE NEW ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (O novom etimologicheskom slovare russkogo yazyka)

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Iliadi A.

Slavia Orientalis

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2009

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vol. 58

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issue 3

325-336

EN

The article is devoted to the analysis of the new etymological dictionary of the Russian language, which was published in Moscow. Actually it is the detailed review, where content of definitions, theoretical and methodological base of the etymologic dictionary, are estimated. The author of the article characterizes the distinctive features of the 'Russian etymologic dictionary' positively, mentioning debatable moments in the interpretations of the Russian and Ukrainian words and some incosistentess in the interpretation of their semantic history. The suggested article also contains the etymologic interpretation of certain group of lexemes, that are absent in the register of the 'Russian etymologic dictionary' and a number of annexes to some entries of the vocabularies.

9

On some characteristics of a group of emotive verbs

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Aradi A.

Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)

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2004

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vol. 101

152-159

EN

The paper discusses the usage of a group of intransitive emotive verbs. The notion of a negative impact is expressed in most of the verbs belonging to this group. It will be shown that the predicative verbal adverbial constructions of these verbs must be used instead of the finite forms in sentences expressing existing states of emotions in the present. The subject of the predicative verbal adverbial is in the thematic role of an experiencer in these constructions.

10

The Trauma - a Psychosocial Trace in the Bulgarian Revival Behavioral Repertoire

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Damyanova R.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2007

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vol. 7

141-153

EN

The text comments on trauma as a cultural emotion, reduced to a stereotype in the behavior of the Bulgarian during the 19 th century. It is a complicated structure of inherited and acquired, a projection of various traumatic situations in the life of the Revival man: 'under the yoke' situation, cultural delay, economic and trade deficit, the fate of a 'foreigner' the term of Schutz) among others. The research follows up the various manifestations of the trauma generated by emotions like fear, shame, rage. Simultaneously with that the historical and cultural situation of the Bulgarian National Revival also finds the ways for overcoming the trauma.

11

THE CREATION OF 'FORMATIVE PARAPHRASES' IN THE TEXTS OF ADVERTISEMENTS (IN THE CONTEXT OF REMARKS ABOUT THE WORD FORMATION OF NON-STANDARD LANGUAGES) (Polish title - below)

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Rogowska-Cybulska E.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2009

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vol. 9

38-46

EN

(Title in Polish - 'O kreowaniu 'parafraz slowotwórczych' w tekstach reklam (w kontekscie uwag o slowotwórstwie jezyków niestandardowych'). The article concerns the ways of understanding the terms of 'non-standard languages' and 'non-standard word formation'. It also concerns one of the non-standard formative means used as a persuasive tool in the texts of advertisements which is the usage of formative paraphrases in the neighbourhood of derivatives or the words created as derivatives. The formative paraphrases created for the needs of advertisements differ mainly from the standard formative paraphrases in the following ways: 1) the choice of improper basic word for a paraphrased word, 2) the lack of concord in the number of formative themes which appear in the paraphrased word and the number of basic words used in its paraphrase, 3) the improper selection of genus proximum.

12

AN ATTEMPT AT A LIFE ALTERNATIVE: PRICE FOR SECULARISATION (Dusan Kuzel: 'Lampa')

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Barborik V.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2005

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vol. 52

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issue 2

104-117

EN

The study deals with a novel of a Slovak prose writer Dusan Kuzel (1940 - 1985), called 'Lampa' (A Lamp). This work was written in the first half of the 70th but it was published only in 1991. The novel belongs to the many texts at the turn of 60th and 70th, which could not be published in the political and cultural regime after the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia. It represents a structural, progressively productive and value relevant alternative to officially published literature of that period. The prose 'Lampa' (A Lamp) is an ambitious project, organically joined several traditional novel, types: a novel of journey, scholastic - autodidactic novel as well as a novel with a socially critical intention. The work of Kuzel is also connected with 90th, mainly with its ironical revealing of literary substance, when the theme becomes a literature itself. The novel is a sceptical polemic with 'great stories': and their teleology: with a Christian story of the 'history of salvation', with a socialist story of emancipation of a person of work and then with another 'story of salvation', based on a belief in technological progress. It is also a fathoming of the situation which follows when the big tightly connected narrations lost their credit and emptified: they are situations of non-control, amorphic freedom, which is transformed from an ideal into a phantom.

13

JAROSLAW MAREK RYMKIEWICZ: I 'DIFFERENTIATED' AND I 'DEDIFFERENTIATED'

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Kaluza A.

Pamiętnik Literacki

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2008

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vol. 99

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issue 1

121-144

EN

In the article the authoress analyzes the conception of the tradition expounded in the manifestos 'What is classicism?' and demonstrates which strategies the poet utilizes in order to quit the alienating nature of language. Most effective proves this mode of constructing of the expression which, after Lacan, she calls the paradox enunciation. The author of 'Thema Regium' attempts to fake the metalinguistic approach enabling him to develop a fiction of being outside of language, and to convince us that he says what he actually wants to say. In this view, he disclaims Paul de Man's concept of the irony. Rymkiewicz is consistent in his use of pastiche style, which allows him to adopt the position of the Master that grants him one of the most marked differentiations.

14

Confusion of Tongues and Origin of Nations and Religions in Islamic Tradition

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Lozanova G.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2007

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vol. 7

11-30

EN

The story of the confusion of tongues and the origin of nations and religions in Islamic tradition has several non-Quranic versions. All of them have parallels in Judeo-Christian exegesis and constitute separate or 'included' motifs in life-stories of three Islamic prophets and 'forefathers' - Adam, Nuh, and Ibrahim. The first version is very popular in oral tradition, and it assigns the confusion of tongues and the origin of nations and religions to the sacred time or Creation and the earthly life of the first human generation. The plot is based on the family conflict between Adam and his sons, who take a stand against their father and even make a conspiracy to murder him. In order to prevent the fulfillment of the sinful scheme, God confuses their languages and disperses them and their progeny all over the world. The other two versions are well-known in classical Islamic sources. The first is based on the idea of peaceful movement of nations and distribution of languages between post-Deluge generations during the time of the prophet Nuh, and the second is an Islamic version of the biblical story of the confusion of languages of those who tried to build the Tower of Babel and defy God. In Muslim oral tradition they are not popular or have different functions. The second story, for example, is adopted as a proof of the dominant theme in prophetic stories - the theme of the salvation of the righteous prophet and the punishment of the sinful ruler and his supporters. The untypical discrepancy between Islamic literary and oral texts most probably is due to the fact that the popular story is a result of a late - maybe Ottoman - compilation of well- known motifs from the biblical sacred history. It stresses the primordial inequality of religions and nations. Presumably, it was distributed through Islamic education with the intention of creation of both negative and positive ethnic and religious stereotypes among common believers.

15

GENRE IS A SIGN. REMARKS ON THE MARGIN OF A DISCUSSION ABOUT HISTORICAL TEXT (Gatunek jest znakiem. Uwagi na marginesie dyskusji o tekscie historycznym)

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Czerwinski M.

Pamiętnik Literacki

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2010

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vol. 101

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issue 2

179-196

EN

The author of the article attempts to verify his own thesis that the choice of genre model, similarly to all other language phenomena, is of semiotic character and influences the amalgamation of meanings in the communication process. Instruments of theoretical research are here semiotic reflections on the nature of signs by de Saussure, Peirce, and Eco, and also Bakhtin's conception of speech genres. Analyzing Hayden White's ruminations on 'historical writings', the author suggests that semiotic nature of genre, here historical genre, immensely changes the course of interpretation process of specific texts. Consideration of genre semiosis provides for rejection (or critical disambiguation) of some White's observations, and tries to initiate discussion on semiotic formulation of literary genetics and stylistic research.

16

'DIVERSITY IN UNITY' - EUROJARGON AS A SUBJECT OF COMPARISON

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Ohnheiser I.

Stylistyka

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2006

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vol. 15

49-67

EN

At the Conference 'Multilingualism in the enlarged European Union' (Vienna 2001) several speakers prognosticated a consequent enrichment and modernization of the languages in the new member states and expected this process to follow the same or similar ways of adaptation. On the basis of these expectations this paper deals with a specific area of the EU lexicon, the so called Eurojargon, whose harmonization could be considered a special aim. The 'Plain language guide' to Eurojargon (http://europa.eu/abc/eurojargon/index_en.htm) contains 80 entries and is available in each official language of the EU, whereas the 'European Glossary' contains only the 'old' member languages (before enlargement in 2004). As opposed to the 'European Glossary' with its 200 terms, which is interactive, the 'Plain language guide' (with the exception of about 10 terms taken over from the glossary) is not and can therefore not be used as a bi- or multilingual dictionary. That is the reason why the author of this paper has compiled lists of equivalents, including English, French, German and the four Slavonic EU-languages (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovene). This paper is dealing with the mutuality and differences of the keywords (internationalisms, loans/calques, analytic denominations, abbreviations, metaphors) and briefly with the definitions of selected examples. In conclusion we can state that the prognosticated assimilation undoubtedly takes place on the level of concept formation (on the semantic level), but a formal internationalization is not dominant. The formation of equivalents is largely based on traditional patterns, including semantic change. Thus the Eurojargon can be regarded as an example of linguistic diversity in conceptual unity and is in no way dominated by English to such an extent as other domains of the modern lexicon.

17

A REVIEW OF MARIAN STEPIEN 'JAK GRECKA TRAGEDIA. PISARZ POLSKI W SYTUACJI WYBORU.1944-1948', KRAKÓW 2005

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Kulesza D.

Pamiętnik Literacki

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2007

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vol. 98

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issue 3

241-249

EN

A review of the book by Marian Stepien, presenting the attitudes of the recognized Polish writers (e.g. Milosz, Gombrowicz, Iwaszkiewicz) towards Poland under Soviet domination after the World War II: some writers accepted this situation straightaway, others treated it as inevitable, yet some others disapproving this situation choose emigration.

18

THE RUSSIA-WEST DILEMMA. TYPICAL ATTITUDES OF INTELLIGENTSIA TOWARDS PEASANTS IN THE 19th CENTURY

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Abassy M.

Slavia Orientalis

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2008

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vol. 57

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issue 1

23-46

EN

The Russian intelligentsia of the 19th century emerged as a result of Russo-Western confrontation. Dilemmas connected with the process of self-identication, of Russia as a country and of the intelligentsia as a new social group, focused in the intelligentsia's attitude towards peasants. The Decembrists wanted to give the way to the values that later were defined by Peter Chaadaev as fundamental for the Western culture: law, justice, obligation and order. Their heritage included an important question: how to make a peasant free avoiding bloodshed. In the occidentalists' thought masses were used as a tool in the process of individuation, understood as breaking the traditional, collective and, at the same time, patriarchal social model. Herzen's theory of 'Russian socialism' was an answer to the question posed by decembrism. The theory included the most clandestine dreams of the Russian intelligentsia: the desire to be free, the wish to regain roots and to find justification for undertaking the mission 'to save' Europe. Slavophiles created a utopia to prove that it was possible to combine freedom with the mentality of the Russian peasant. Besides, the thinkers portrayed the masses as a storehouse for Christian virtues and used it as a tool to negatively define the West. In the second half of the 19th century the intelligentsia differentiated. The most powerful utopia about the Russian peasant was created by Fyodor Dostoevsky. The writer-prophet portrayed the peasants as the opposite to the revolutionary intelligentsia. He did not notice, however, that they both were two sides of the same coin - a force forwarded against the stratum of nobility as the land owners and cultivators of culture. Moreover, they were characterized by the same features: hatred of European culture, inability to create real welfare, justice conceived as the collective sharing of goods, and lack of responsibility. The revolutions of 1905 and 1917 were the end of the intelligentsia which reflected the 'split' in its own Russian culture. In an effort to absorb both its own and foreign cultural elements it existed on the border of two systems and did not belong to neither of them.

19

EXPRESSING THE PAST ACTIONS AND STATES IN BENGALI

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Rácová A.

Asian and African Studies

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2009

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vol. 18

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issue 2

190-209

EN

The aim of this paper is to show which tenses are used to describe past actions and states in Bengali. The authoress' conclusions are based on the analysis of text by four Bengali authors and on descriptions introduced in some Bengali grammars.

20

RESEARCH ON THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF HUNGARIAN AND SCHOLARS' RESPONSIBILITY

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Honti L.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2006

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vol. 130

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issue 1

1-8

EN

This short paper was originally delivered as a talk at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at a conference entitled 'The responsibility of our disciplines'. The author being a Finno-Ugrist, his talk concerned the responsibility of scholars working in that field. The responsibility of a researcher consists in making statements exclusively on topics that (s)he is indeed an expert of. That is, for instance, a microbiologist should not try and masquerade as a linguist, and a linguist should not pretend to be an expert on microbiology (albeit the present author knows of no linguist who has ever tried to take a stance on some scientific or scholarly issue outside linguistics). In particular, what a researcher working on Hungarian and Uralic languages should advance are justifiable explanations and plausible assumptions concerning the history (or 'ancient history') of Hungarian; the author therefore mentions a range of characteristics that can safely be attributed to temporally distant predecessors of the Hungarian language. It is also the responsibility of the scholarly community that editors of journals or other publications should only publish papers that have undergone an appropriate reviewing procedure and organizers of scholarly events should also filter out talks that intend to propagate dilettante views. Furthermore, researchers should inform the interested general public about recent results of their disciplines in a comprehensible form.

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