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Ceremoniał dyplomatyczny na dworze angielskim w negocjacjach z Rzecząpospolitą w XVII wieku

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Maciejewski P., Łódzki U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2005

vol. 79

Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

The article is an attempt to depict the ceremony which existed within the courtly-diplomatic relationships between Poland and England in the limes of Elisabeth I, James I and Charles I, and to show its role. The paper is based on such sources as the accounts of legations to England by Pawel Działyński (1597), Jerzy Ossoliński (1621) and Jan Zawadzki (1633). Some inside information was taken from the accounts or private travel of Jakub Sobieski (1609). The ceremony at the English court, similarly as in other capital cities visited by our diplomats, was not only essential for the international relationships and enabled contacts between countries in general, but it also ensured achieving the most important thing in politics — the compromise. Besides that, it served harmonious coexistence and secured comfort in any actions. I here was on condition for that of course: both sides should properly receive the signals given (e.g. gestures, greetings, speeches, toasting, feasts, gifts and tokens, etc.). The only visible difference between the two sides would be the outside difference e.g. in clothing. The above can be proved by the fact that Polish diplomats, equipped with instructions, letters from the country and the knowledge gained, could easily manage the relationships with the royalty and high range English diplomats. Polish diplomats didn’t find it difficult to adjust to the local customs (with the exception of the unprecedented case of Działyński).

Z dziejów polsko-angielskich stosunków dyplomatycznych w I połowie XVII wieku

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Maciejewski P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2007

vol. 81

A researcher undertaking the eflort to study the history of Polish-English diplomatic relations in the first half of the 17th century may use only a few doubtfully meritorious sources, that is some memoirs written by our members of parliament (e.g. by Paweł Działyński 1597, Jerzy Ossoliński 1621, Jan Zawadzki 1633) and travellers (e.g. Jakub Sobieski 1609). A careful study of those memoirs allows one to answer the fundamental question: what was the role that England played in Polish politics and what was the role of Polish Republic in English politics in the times of ‘the silver age’ (the 17th century)? What are the conclusions? The reign of James I was the best period of Polish-English relations although it was only Polish Republic that benefited from it. Charles Stuart’s succession to the throne brought about the change in the relations with Polish Republic. The scenario of Polish-English political games was hardly written into the politics; politics written with capital ‘P’ (e.g. negotations in Altmark). Poland would estimate the mutual relations taking into consideration the conflicts with neighbouring countries, Turkey and Sweden; England would consider the economy (the Eastland Company) and the matters of the Palatine of Rhine. One cannot help the impression that those mutual relations were peripheral to the grand politics and they could not turn out to be decisive or determining for any of the two countries. Such was the case with the matrimonial policy, i.e. the plan of getting Princess Elisabeth Stuart, James I’s daughter, married to Prince Wladyslaw, the son of Zygmunt III (Sigismundus). The question whether Poland and England could politically do without each other still remains a rhetorical one.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2 Maciejewski P.

1 Łódzki U.

1 2007

1 2005

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Ceremoniał dyplomatyczny na dworze angielskim w negocjacjach z Rzecząpospolitą w XVII wieku

Z dziejów polsko-angielskich stosunków dyplomatycznych w I połowie XVII wieku