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ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH BY POLES IN THE REGION OF PODOLIA (PODOLE) IN THE 19TH AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES

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Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 1-2(27-28)
303-309
EN
In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, many Polish lovers of antiquities and archaeologists engaged in archaeological research in the Galician part of Podolia (Podole); among them were Adam Honory Kirkor, Gotfryd Ossowski, Wladyslaw Przybyslawski, Izydor Kopernicki, Wlodzimierz Demetrykiewicz. The research was conducted under the auspices of the Anthropological and Archaeological Committees of the Academy of Learning (Akademia Umiejetnosci) in Cracow. Also researchers from Lwów (Lemberg, Lvov) were active in the archaeological exploration of the region - notably Karol Hadaczek, professor of ancient and prehistoric archaeology at the University of Lwów. Interest in the region's antiquities was shown by inhabitants of the Ukraine, among them Franciszek Pulaski and Czeslaw Neyman, who also engaged in excavations. The archaeological materials from the digs were amassed at the Museum of the Academy of Learning in Cracow, at museums in Lwów, and in private collections. Reports from the research were published in journals appearing in Cracow, in 'Swiatowit', in 'Biblioteka Warszawska' and in 'Ateneum'. The research also led to monographs and formed the basis for synthetic accounts of the prehistory of Galicia, as well as of particular prehistoric cultures and periods.
2
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JAN KAZIMIERZ ZAWISZA - SCHOLAR, SOCIAL ACTIVIST AND PHILANTHROPIST

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Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2008
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vol. 17
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issue 1-2(33-34)
71-85
EN
Jan Kazimierz Zawisza, an heir of the Zawisza-Kizgajlo clan, took an active interest in prehistory, conducting archaeological research in the basin of the River Niemen and its tributaries, and later in the caves of the Ojców Valley (near Cracow). He maintained scholarly contacts with antiquarians and other scholars from all over Europe. He also participated in archaeological and anthropological conferences, at which he delivered papers; at a conference held in Lisbon, he was awarded, by King Luiz I, with the Order of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception of Villa Viçosa. In his Warsaw residence, he regularly received many visiting foreign scholars. Zawisza offered financial support to scholarly research and publications, as well as gave aid to people exiled to Siberia and to the poor in Warsaw. He was also engaged in the construction of affordable but hygienic accommodation for workers in the city.
3
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DIARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGIST JAN BARTYS FROM THE CAMP AT KOZIELSK

100%
Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2006
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vol. 15
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issue 1-2(29-30)
279-292
EN
The paper deals with the fate of Polish officers imprisoned in Soviet POW camps in the years 1939-1940. On the 17th of September 1939, Poland, which had already been fighting a war against the invading Germany, was attacked by the Soviet Red Army. Several hundred thousand military personnel were imprisoned by the Soviets, including over 20 thousand officers. Among the latter group, there were many representatives of the Polish intelligentsia, from a variety of professional millieus, most notably researchers, eminent specialists of international renown. Almost all of the prisoners were killed as a result of a decision by the Politburo of the Soviet Communist Party. Despite the sixty-six years that have passed since it was committed, many details connected with the atrocity, known in Poland as the 'Katyn Crime', still remain unknown. Sheets from a diary of the archaeologist Jan Bartys, held in the camp at Kozielsk, provide new information on the life of the prisoners and on the situation in the camps, and they also give an account of the activities and studies of the prisoners, including lectures delivered by university teachers and scholars in various fields of knowledge, as well as of religious rites and celebrations of religious and state holidays. The prisoners were severely punished for such activites, but these were a way of combatting their longing for home and of keeping up spirits, while for the young officers they also provided a chance to continue their education. The diaries, which were found in the Katyn graves, have made a small but valuable contribution to our knowledge of the last days of the Polish officers imprisoned at the camp at Kozielsk, in the Smolensk region.
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