The aim of the article is to determine the position of popular science books for children and young people in Polish literary criticism and book studies, and to specify the terminology used by scholars. Opinions about such books have been formulated by theorists and practitioners of children’s books since the 19th century, with the criteria of their assessment changing in accordance with the current literary fashions and trends in pedagogy. Critics’ interest in such works was strong until the end of the 19th century, when books for children were expected mainly to serve utilitarian purposes. The phenomenon intensified especially in the era of positivism; among the most enthusiastic advocates of popular science books were Adolf Dygasiński and the co-editor of Bluszcz Maria Ilnicka. The stature of popular science books is also evidenced by the fact that their titles often appeared in recommended bibliographies at the time. A later change in the perception of the tasks of literature for the youngest readers diminished the critics’ interest in such works. In addition, there was a growing rift between literary criticism and pedagogical-library criticism. In communist Poland the perception of popular science books was also affected by the promotion of works not suited to the expectations and needs of the readers. Today, the stature of popular science books rises with their market success and innovative projects in the area. That is why there are numerous reviews of such works in professional journals (Guliwer, Nowe Książki, Świat Książki Dziecięcej etc.) and websites (Mądre książki, 10 książek: na start do nauki etc.) as well as studies devoted to the history and evolution in the content and editorial form of such publications, and their usefulness in the teaching and self-education of young readers.
Polskie czasopisma naukowe, ich stan, wartość i metody oceny są przedmiotem zainteresowania zarówno środowisk naukowych, jak i Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. Konieczność oceny czasopism naukowych jest powszechnie akceptowana, krytykowany jest natomiast jej tryb, a zwłaszcza stosowanie przy ocenie metod parametrycznych. Wśród reprezentantów nauk ścisłych i przyrodniczych dominuje pogląd, że najlepszym miernikiem jakości publikacji jest tzw. lista fi ladelfi jska. Humaniści nie do końca akceptują to stanowisko. Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego od 1998 r. ogłasza rokrocznie Wykaz wybranych czasopism wraz z liczbą punktów…., który stanowi składnik parametrycznej oceny dorobku publikacyjnego polskich instytucji naukowych, rzutuje na ich kategoryzację oraz wielkość przyznawanych im dotacji. Ma też być wyznacznikiem prestiżu i gwarantem utrzymywania przez redakcje wysokiego poziomu czasopisma. Omówiono procedurę tworzenia ministerialnych list czasopism oraz kryteria oceny czasopism, wskazując te rozwiązania, które mogą wzbudzać uzasadnione zastrzeżenia. W wykazie czasopism punktowanych za lata 2011–2012 znalazło się czternaście czasopism z dziedziny bibliotekoznawstwa i informacji naukowej. W artykule scharakteryzowano profi l i proces dostosowywania się do wymogów ministerialnych trzech spośród nich: „Toruńskich Studiów Bibliologicznych”, „Rocznika Bibliologiczno-Prasoznawczego” oraz „Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi”.
EN
Both the academic community and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education are interested in Polish scientific periodicals, their condition, value and methods of assessment. The need for assessment of scientific periodicals is commonly accepted; ahat is criticised is the way in which they are assessed, in particular the use of parametric methods. Representatives of exact sciences and natural sciences widely believe that the best measure of quality of a publication is the so-called ISI Master Journal List. Representatives of thr humanities do not entirely share this view. Since 1998 the Ministry of Science and Higher Education has been publishing "A list of selected periodicals with scores...", which is a component of a parametric assessment of publications of Polish indicator of prestige and a guarantee of high quality of publications. The author discusses the procedure for creating the ministerial lists of periodicals and the criteria used in the assessment of periodicals, pointing to those solutions that may raise justified objections. The list of scored periodicals for 2011-2012 includes fourteen periodicals dealing with library science and scientific information. The author examines their profile and process of adaptation to the ministerial requirements of three of these periodicals: Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne", "Rocznik Bibliologiczno-Prasoznawczy" and "Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi".
The issues of building up and popularising public library collections are subjects of lively debates among librarians in France. The principles of the French policy of compiling collections were presented in 1991 in the Charte des bibliothéques (Library Charter) and in the brochure Acquisition et bibliothèques de service public published in 1998 by the Association of French Librarians. These documents, just like opinions expressed by respected librarians, show, first of all, a concern for high quality of the acquired collections, for their variety and usefulness for the needs of all readers. The French attach a lot of weight to making the collections available in various media, and to high substantive and artistic value of the acquired works. The popularity of such media as records, tapes, electronic documents, etc. has led to the emergence of a new type of libraries characteristic of France — called media libraries (“médiathèques”). The versatility of the French collections as well as their considerable variety in terms of the level of difficulty and the medium have a significant influence on the fulfilment of the basic functions of libraries (cultural, educational and informationrelated). The article examines the French collections supporting these functions. The French believe that just as important as building up collections is the duty of libraries to make these collections popular. This is to be achieved by animations organised on a regular basis. The article analyses the most common initiatives in this respect. In addition, the author points to the important role of the central government in boosting the development of public libraries in France (including promoting the idea of building up the collections in various media, of digitising them and creating digital databases), and to the coordinating function of the National Library with regard to the compilation of educational resources and successful regional and local cooperation between libraries and other institutions to create, among others, shared catalogues and databases.
Recent research in the field of libraries’ usability in France (those concerning entire population as well as various social groups including students) shows clearly that the role of contemporary library is changing. It may result from the demographic, social and cultural transitions (including university expansion, growing number of students, necessity of life-long learning process, frequent migration), dynamic development and growing popularity of modern communicative techniques. Research shows that although information resources of libraries often failed to compete with the Internet, the number of users and the time their spend in the library still increases. It may be influenced by the library offer (often far beyond the standard services), and the library area (suitable for working, studying, relaxing, meetings). There appears to be the need for cooperation among different types of libraries in order to create a new and wider range of services. Within this concept and as a result of present social needs public and academic libraries started in France. Their aim is to associate and balance all functions of contemporary academic library such as cultural (including entertainment and aesthetic), informative, educational and, more and more importantly, social function. The aim of this paper is to present organisational solution applied in such institutions, assessment of quality of services for a local community and students (based on selected aspects).
PL
Bieżące badania w zakresie użytkowania bibliotek we Francji (zarówno odnoszące się do całej populacji, jak i do poszczególnych grup społecznych, w tym studentów) wyraźnie wskazują na zmieniającą się rolę współczesnej biblioteki. Wynika to m.in. ze zmian demograficzno-społecznych oraz kulturowych (w tym ekspansji uniwersytetów, wzrostu liczby studentów, konieczności ciągłego dokształcania, częstych migracji ludności itp.), a także z dynamicznego rozwoju i wzrostu popularności nowoczesnych technik komunikacyjnych. Badania pokazują, że chociaż zasoby informacyjne bibliotek często przegrywają konkurencję z Internetem, to liczba użytkowników i czas pobytu w bibliotece zwiększają się. Wpływa na to: oferta usługowa biblioteki (często znacznie wykraczająca poza dotychczasowy kanon tradycyjnych usług bibliotecznych) oraz jej przestrzeń, traktowana na wiele sposobów (jako miejsce pracy, nauki, odpoczynku, spotkań). W tym kontekście rysuje się konieczność współpracy bibliotek różnych typów zmierzająca do stworzenia nowych form obsługi użytkowników i proponowania im szerszego zakresu usług. Na gruncie tej idei i w wyniku aktualnych potrzeb społecznych wyrosły we Francji tzw. biblioteki publiczno-uniwersyteckie, których celem jest łączenie i równowaga wszystkich funkcji współczesnej biblioteki, począwszy od kulturalnej (w tym rozrywkowej i estetycznej), poprzez informacyjną i edukacyjną, a skończywszy na coraz ważniejszej – socjalizacyjnej. Celem referatu jest przedstawienie rozwiązań organizacyjnych stosowanych w tego typu placówkach, a także próba oceny ich działalności w zakresie obsługi bibliotecznej społeczności lokalnej i studentów (na podstawie wybranych aspektów).
The main objective of this study is to reconstruct the long-term strategy of Gallimard Jeunesse, a major French publisher of books for children and youth, which has consisted of a constant planning, restructuring and revitalisation of more than a dozen collections and series published under the label of ‘Découvertes’ from 1983 until today. The history of this wide-ranging project – one of the largest publishing project of the last decades – provides a picture of the evolution of the publication model of contemporary non-fiction books for children. We will therefore focus on the size of the analysed collections, the evolution of their editorial form and texts – for example, the presence and function of illustrations and/or auxiliary parts of the books – as well as the age of their readers, the relationship between translations and French production, and international and inter-institutional co-publishing ventures. Presenting the most interesting and innovative examples of typographic and graphic solutions implemented by the publisher will also provide important information, as these solutions have been widely imitated.
The aim of the paper is to depict the history of editions and the subsequent stages in the formation of the editorial form of encyclopaedias for children and youth from the first half of the eighteenth century through to 1989 years
PL
Celem tego artykułu jest zarysowanie historii edycji i kolejnych etapów w kształtowaniu się obecnej formy edytorskiej encyklopedii dla dzieci i młodzieży począwszy od 1. połowy XVIII wieku, a skończywszy na 1989 roku.
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