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Przemierzanie powieści-mapy. Władca Pierścieni J.R.R. Tolkiena jako konstrukcja kartograficzna

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Niemojewski M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2015

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vol. 59(4 (451))

131-142

PL

The Lord of the Rings, the most popular book by J.R.R. Tolkien is most often interpreted as an example of mythological reconstruction born out of philological research. However, of equal importance is reading the novel as a cartographic design based on the maps of the world presented, handmade and repeatedly enhanced by the author himself, included in the subsequent editions of the novel. The attempt to look at the novel through the prism of maps and determine their functions as integral parts of the novel, and at the same time autonomous texts, allows the reflection on the work and its reception in the context of the consequences of literacy and the type of modelling human experience implied by this ability.

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Epoka zakazu druku jako geneza litewskiej nowoczesności – zarys perspektyw

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Niemojewski M.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2018

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vol. 11

255-280

PL

On May 7, 1904 the prohibition against the Lithuanian press was lifted. It was one of the most significant events that had a direct influence on the evolution of Lithuanian cultural, political and social life. Because of its importance it can be considered as the beginning of Lithuanian modernity. The aim of this reaserch paper is to demonstrate the significance of this turning point and to discuss the genesis of modern era by analysing the period preceding this event, in Lithuanian historiography called “the era of press ban” or “the time of book smugglers”. This period begun in 1864, when czarist authority prohibited the press in latin alphabet and tried to enforce the Russian one. During these 40 years of Lithuanian fight for freedom of printing, the proces of social and cultural changes were initiated. At that time, the first cultural institutions gathering a new generation of intelligentsia, using Lithuanian language, were born, and new forms of self-organization and the new cycles of ideas were shaped. Those processes were related to spreading the types and practices of printing word, available through illegal and well-organised publishing network. From this perspective, the period in which the seeds of Lithuanian modernity were created was a variant of the development of the printing culture, characteristic for Central and Eastern Europe.

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Istoty żywe, posiadające logos. Nieludzcy mieszkańcy uniwersum Tolkienowskiego i ich języki

100%

Niemojewski M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2015

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vol. 59(3 (450))

13-24

PL

The Lord of the Rings, like all J.R.R. Tolkien’s literary legacy, for years has been popular among faithful readers and is gaining new ones; moreover it is inspiring researchers to formulate theses and develop scientific analyses. These works offer various perspectives of interpretation, but you can list among them three dominant ones: biographical, mythological and religious one, which is a variant of the second perspective. All the research approaches are tied by two motifs, which both by Tolkien critics and by enthusiasts are regarded as key to understanding his artistic legacy: nonhuman inhabitants of Middle-earth and their languages. Reflection on the mutual relationship of these motifs can lead to the disclosure in Tolkien’s work the germ of anthropological imagination.

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2 Przegląd Humanistyczny

1 Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

3 Niemojewski M.

1 2018

2 2015

Przemierzanie powieści-mapy. Władca Pierścieni J.R.R. Tolkiena jako konstrukcja kartograficzna

Epoka zakazu druku jako geneza litewskiej nowoczesności – zarys perspektyw

Istoty żywe, posiadające logos. Nieludzcy mieszkańcy uniwersum Tolkienowskiego i ich języki