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Najstarsze fazy kościoła parafialnego pod wezwaniem św. Małgorzaty i św. Stanisława w Żębocinie

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Dryja S., Głowa W., Sławińska J., Sławiński S.
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
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2012
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vol. 18
EN
The paper has been based on archaeological and architectural exploration of the church in Żębocin carried out in 2011. Żębocin, a village in the Miechów district and the Proszowice deanery, had its beginnings reportedly in the mid-11th century. However, the first squire of Żębocin documented in historical sources was Tomko, coat of arms unknown, mentioned in 1384. According to tradition, the first church in the village, which has not survived, was built in the years 1059–1071 and consecrated by St. Stanislas of Szczepanów. In a local legend, the wife of knight Mikołaj of Żębocin took shelter in the tower of a stone church in Żębocin during the unrest in the reign of Boleslaus the Brave. The stone foundation under the north-eastern corner of the chancel belonged probably to a stone building, its function unknown, which may have stood there already in those turbulent times. The extant church, erected in the mid-13th century or soon afterwards, was a small single-nave structure with a chancel closed with a straight wall, built from bricks (with a wendian bond pattern on its elevation) on stone foundations. It combined two styles: Romanesque (as shown by the surviving splayed window in the northern elevation of the chancel) and Gothic (the brick ogival frame in the northern elevation of the nave). The important question whether the church had a tower from the start and where that tower was located remains undecided; the tower could have been incorporated into the body of the nave from the west or built above the chancel; it could also have been added afterwards, in the 16th century at the latest. Reportedly, the church in Żębocin once had a defensive character and was located in knights’ fortified town. Its founder may have been a progenitor of the Strzemieńczyk or the Odrowąż families. It should be remembered that Romanesque single-nave “village” churches built on a simple plan are quite frequent in Central Europe; there are nearly a hundred of them in Poland alone. In Żębocin, the extant tower of the church, the facade and the sacristy at the western side were built no later than ca. 1688.
2
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Lithology and geochemistry of the Late Glacial and Holocene sediments from Gostyń Lake (Western Pomerania, Myślibórz Lakeland)

88%
Korzeniowski A., Okupny D., Michczyński A., Sławińska J., Borówka R. K.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2020
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vol. 110
149-168
PL
Sediment geochemistry and lithology were studied in Gostyń Lake in the eastern part of the Myślibórz Lakeland (part of the Western Pomeranian Lake District). The research was undertaken because relatively shallow lake basins without ground supply contribute to the intensification of water circulation through evaporation. Late Glacial and Holocene phases in the evolution of Gostyń Lake were reconstructed based on selected geochemical indicators (Fe/Mn, S/Fe, Na/K, Mg/Ca, Cu/Zn, Na+K+Mg/Ca, Fe/Ca) as well as on the presence of human activity (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age and Roman Period). Also, the geochemical and archaeological data were correlated. Generally, the lithogeochemical composition variability in the Gostyń Lake deposits was found to be controlled by changes in: 1) the climate, related to the biogenic accumulation environment, 2) land cover in the Late Glacial and Holocene, and 3) human activities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed four major variable groups responsible for the changes: hydroclimatic variations which determined the type of sedimentary conditions during the Holocene climate optimum; changes in the organic matter provenance (along with conditions favouring sulphide precipitation); and denudation processes in the Gostyń Lake catchment. The methods used allowed the distribution of ancient settlement to be traced. Interpretation of the geochemical indicators (Fe/Mn, Cu/Zn, S/Fe, Ca/Fe) should involve many more factors which, in the relevant literature, are treated as measures of changes in redox conditions
3
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Geochemistry of a sedimentary section at the Wąwelnica archaeological site, Szczecin Hills (Western Pomerania)

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Okupny D., Borówka R. K., Cedro B., Sławińska J., Tomkowiak J., Michczyński A., Kozłowska D., Kowalski K., Sedlik K.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2020
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vol. 110
169-186
PL
The results of geochemical assays on biogenic sediments filling a fossil lacustrine basin at Wąwelnica, in the Szczecin Hills, within the left-bank part of the Oder River catchment are presented. The data reveal a natural Holocene sedimentation sequence similar to that found for other sites in central Europe. The geochemical record of palaeo-environmental changes, which may be a consequence of human activities in the proximity of the site, is distinctly bipartite. The part of the profile corresponding to the lacustrine sediment accumulation during the Greenlandian occasionally shows an increased mineral content and an elevated catchment erosion index. An incidental presence of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic communities is confirmed by archaeological evidence from a few sites in the Szczecin Hills. More distinct episodes of mineral matter supply and more pronounced changes in geochemical indicators can be inferred as occurring from the onset of the older part of the Atlantic until the Older Subboreal. Most of the flint artefacts discovered along with a collection of vessel fragments in the Mierzyn-Dołuje area are associated with the Neolithic occupation. However, changes in the deposits’ geochemistry do not reflect all the settlement stages associated with the consecutive human groups identified by archaeological evidence. Possible reasons include a low sediment accumulation rate having restricted peat mass accretion and prevented the storing of any higher amounts of water. This, along with the climate-change-caused lowering of the water table, could have periodically stopped the accumulation of autochthonous organic matter. In addition, intensified human activities coincided with periods of stable and low water level in the basin. On the other hand, breaks in human activity correspond with moist Holocene stages and local flooding events.
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