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Ochrona pszenicy ozimej przed chorobami przy zastosowaniu systemu wspomagania decyzji

100%
Horoszkiewicz-Janka J., Korbas M., Kubsik K., Tratwal A.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2014
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issue 3(77)
82-92
EN
Introduction of integrated plant protection on 1 January 2014 has been aimed at ensuring safety of food coming from the agricultural production process. One of the elements of providing consumers with healthy food is reasonable use of plant protection products. Right plant protection includes use of plant protection products at the optimal time, when the established threshold of economic harmfulness is reached. This purpose is served by, among other things, earlier establishment of the values of thresholds of harmfulness and decision support systems. Stand experiments on winter wheat compared use of fungicide protection according to the traditional scheme (of developmental stages), where farmers conduct spraying procedures with protection according to recommendations of decision support system. Adopting protection according to recommendations of the system enabled to reduce the prevalence of leaf and ear diseases and resulted in higher yield and thousand grain weight.
2
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PRZYDATNOŚĆ APLIKACJI KOMPUTEROWEJ DO WYZNACZANIA OPTYMALNEGO TERMINU ZWALCZANIA ROLNIC W BURAKU CUKROWYM

100%
Jakubowska M., Bocianowski J., Tratwal A., Ławiński H.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2015
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issue 3(81)
103-114
EN
The aim of study was an attempt undertaken with Sugar Pfeifer & Langen Poland Industry to develop advisory system for commodity services and sugar beet growers, regarding a decision on the need of chemical control against cutworm. As a result of carried out observations the date of first moth flights, and the total number of the pests on the plantations were determined. Chemical treatments were applied based on the pest warning system, and phenological criteria such as the sum of heat and effective temperatures for the cutworm development. In the study (2009–2014) the chemical control was set on the basis of signaling between 29th and 41th day from the date of mass flight of moths. The date of chemical treatments was determined with the aid of phenological criteria, such as sum of heat in the range from 497.8 to 661.9°C and the sum of effective temperature from 130.6 to 255.8°C.
3
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ROLA COROCZNEJ OCENY USZKODZEŃ SPOWODOWANYCH PRZEZ NAJWAŻNIEJSZE AGROFAGI GŁÓWNYCH ROŚLIN UPRAWNYCH W POLSCE, NA PODSTAWIE OGÓLNOKRAJOWEGO MONITOROWANIA

88%
Tratwal A., Bandyk A., Jakubowska M., Roik K., Wielkopolan B.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2016
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issue 1(83)
89-99
EN
Every year monitoring of agrophages harmfulness is an important element of integrated control and gives information about phytosanitary state of agricultural plants in Poland. Such information are the base of the evaluation the tendency of pests and diseases spread as well as their economic value and helpful in long-term prognosis. Pest/diseases monitoring is provided by Plant Protection and Seed Health Inspection Service, results, as a reports, from monitoring are sent in late autumn to the Plant Protection Institute – national research institute (PPI – NRI) at the Department of Pests Methods Forecasting and Economy of Plant Control. At the Department the only base AGRO GIS in the country is created and then the every year phytosanitary state of agricultural plants in Poland is developed.
4
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Ocena porażenia kłosów wybranych gatunków zbóż przez grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium oraz Claviceps purpurea w Polsce w latach 2016–2020

64%
Tratwal A., Roik K., Baran M., Wielkopolan B., Jakubowska M., Kubasik W., Trzciński P., Bocianowski J.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2023
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vol. 112
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issue 2
83-93
EN
Ear diseases caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea and pathogens of the genus Fusarium have a significant impact on the quantity and quality of the yield obtained. In addition, infested grain can contain mycotoxins that are highly poisonous to animals and humans. Based on observations carried out by PIORIN staff, analyses have been made to present the percentage infestation of ears of winter wheat by fungi of the genus Fusarium and winter rye by C. purpurea, in Poland in 2016-2020. It was shown that C. purpurea posed a lower threat than fungi of the genus Fusarium in the analyzed years of the study. Given the changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to carry out systematic monitoring of fields for the occurrence of fungal diseases of ears, especially in those provinces where the highest percentage of ear infestation was recorded. It is also necessary to look for factors that limit their epidemic occurrence.
PL
Choroby kłosów zbóż wywoływane przez grzyba Claviceps purpurea oraz patogeny z rodzaju Fusarium mają istotny wpływ na ilość i jakość uzyskanego plonu. Ponadto porażone ziarno może zawierać silnie trujące dla zwierząt i ludzi mykotoksyny. Na podstawie obserwacji przeprowadzonych przez pracowników Państwowej Inspekcji Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa (PIORiN), zostały wykonane analizy mające na celu, przedstawienie procentowego porażenia kłosów przez patogeny grzybowe z rodzaju Fusarium oraz żyta ozimego przez C. purpurea w Polsce w latach 2016-2020. Wykazano, że w analizowanych latach badań C. purpurea stanowił mniejsze zagrożenie niż grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium. Z uwagi na zmieniające się warunki klimatyczne należy prowadzić systematyczny monitoring pól pod kątem występowania chorób grzybowych kłosów, szczególnie w tych województwach, w których odnotowano najwyższy procent porażenia kłosów. Konieczne jest również poszukiwanie czynników ograniczających ich epidemiczne występowanie.
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