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1

Znaczenie Uniwersytetu w Dorpacie dla kultury i nauki polskiej (przed 1917 r.)

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Blombergowa M. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1992

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vol. 17

EN

The University of Dorpat founded at the beginning of the 19th century almost at the very beginning enjoyed a high level of education. Among the teachers there were many eminent scientists of European fame. The school had the following faculties of: law, teology, medical faculty and philosophy. The last faculty included the specializations of: phisico-methematical, natural, historical-phylological and technological-economical. For many years the University as regards the organization and the character was German yet it managed to preserve its separateness even in times of increased oppression. Russian language was introduced in 1889 and the complete Russification took place in 1893. The University of Dorpat almost for the whole 19th century was one of the most liberal universities in Russia. Polish students came to Dorpat almost from the beginning of the existence of the University and they were accepted there more readily than at other Russian universities. The first Polish students came from White Russia and the region of Vilna. After the Universities of Warsaw and Vilna had been closed the Polish students came from other towns of Russia, Russian and Prussian and Austrian sectors of partitioned Poland. It is commonly thought that in 1802-1917 about 1500-2000 Polish students were studing at the Dorpat University. Majority of them achieved diplommas and university degrees. Medical studies were the most popular next came law, teology, economy, chemistry, pharmacy, phylology, physics, botany and technology. The Polish youth considered it a patriotic duty to achieve high professional qualifications and to prepare themselves for working in the future free fatherland. The large amount of golden medals for students' scientific works won by the Polish can confirm the serious approach to studies of those young people. As compared to the large number of Polish graduates and very good opinion about them few Polish students were appointed to a professorship at the University of Dorpat. The origin of Polish students and the mistrust of Russian administration prevented them from university chairs. Most of graduates finished their career as assistants or private assistants professors. To 1917 the following scientist became the professors of Polish origin: Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Adam Zaczyński, Stanisław Czyrwiński, Tadeusz Banachiewicz and Aleksander Bylina. Polish graduates at Dorpat University were appointed to professorships at other Russia and foreign universities. Many professors and lecturers working at schools of the sovereign Poland and also many scientists of different disciplines, social workers, writers, doctors, engineers recruited from the graduates of Dorpat University. The University of Dorpat played a significant role in the development of Polish higher education and forming of Polish inteligentia.

2

Józefa Jodkowskiego kłopoty z objęciem posady w Wilnie w świetle listów do Wandalina Szukiewicza

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Blombergowa M. M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1992

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vol. 16

EN

The National Library in Warsaw contains a collection of manuscript’s documents and other materials of Wandalin Szukiewicz (1852 1919). archaeologist and explorer of Lithuania. They include letters to and from his contemporaries, lovers of antiquity as well as Polish and Russian archaeologists. Of the vast correspondence, the letters o f Józef Jodkowski (1890 1950), in which he writes about an offer to take up the post of keeper in the museum of Vilnius, have been used in this paper. His candidature was supported by the Moscow Archaeological Society and personally by its chairwoman Countess P.S. Uvarova as well as by the Archaeological Commission of Petersbourg and the Minister of Education, L.A. Kasso. The Russian administration of Vilnius was bent on Russification of Lithuania and opposed the employment of the Poles and Catholics. For this reason Jodkowski, despite his qualifications, was regarded as an unsuitable candidate. Admittedly, nobody in Vilnius dared to oppose the influential people who supported Jodkowski but he was offered such conditions that he had to resign. The letters used here show how many unknown facts relating to the history of archaeology can still be found in libraries and archives.

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Pół wieku kierunku archeologii w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim

100%

Blombergowa M. M., Łódzki U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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1996

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vol. 19

4

Państwowe grono konserwatorów zabytków przedhistorycznych: ważny etap starań o opiekę nad zabytkami archeologicznymi

100%

Blombergowa M. M.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2015

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vol. 24

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issue 1(46)

45-84

EN

In the independent Polish state, conservation of archaeological monuments, as well as the works of art, architecture, nature or, generally speaking, national mementoes, was recognized as one the most important issues requiring urgent institutional and legal settlement. scientists and researchers from every annexed territory and numerous institutions, all shaped by university studies and long-standing experience, became involved in the work. In the field of care and conservation of monuments, quite important was the enactment of the decree “On Care of Monuments of Arts and Culture” by the Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland, on October 31 1918. This decree contained a statement related to the state care of all monuments and description of the type of monuments being subject to protection. Afterwards it became a basis for appointment of a special institution responsible for monuments care in February 22 1920 – Temporary Presidium of the National Circle of Conservators of Prehistoric Monuments. The article discusses the organisation and rules of operation of the National Circle on the basis of legal acts and discussions taking place in the papers at that time. The importance of the activities of this small group of archaeologists for the history of conservation was demonstrated in the statement of Konrad Jażdżewski, author of the work Protection of Archaeological Monuments. A Historical Outline, Warsaw 1966: “Apart from the mentioned Presidium, it [The National Circle of Conservators of Prehistoric Monuments] was composed of 9 honorary conservators, 7 district conservators and several correspondents. Activities of this Circle during not so many years of its existence were extremely fruitful and were of fundamental significance, not only for the development of archaeological conservation in Poland but for the whole Polish archaeology in general. In addition to building from scratch a modern conservation service, which covered the territory of the whole state, and protection of prehistoric monuments on the areas until now mostly neglected in terms of their conservation, the Circle managed to bring about the creation of a central inventory of prehistoric monuments in Poland, to prepare legal acts concerning protection of these monuments, and to build the foundations of future state Archaeological Museum, as well as to publish ‘Archaeological news’ as the Circle’s organ.”

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3 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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4 Blombergowa M. M.

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1 2015

1 1996

2 1992

Znaczenie Uniwersytetu w Dorpacie dla kultury i nauki polskiej (przed 1917 r.)

Józefa Jodkowskiego kłopoty z objęciem posady w Wilnie w świetle listów do Wandalina Szukiewicza

Pół wieku kierunku archeologii w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim

Państwowe grono konserwatorów zabytków przedhistorycznych: ważny etap starań o opiekę nad zabytkami archeologicznymi