Artykuł stanowi próbę rozpoznania nadrzędnej problematyki prozy Zyty Oryszyn, odnajdywanej w jej powieściach (napisanych przed rokiem 1989 Czarnej iluminacji i Madam Frankensztajn) a szczególnie w opowiadaniach zebranych w tomie zatytułowanym Ocalenie Atlantydy, wydanym w 2012 roku. Najważniejszym tematem wszystkich jej utworów okazuje się obcość, silne odczucie nie-przynależenia do miejsc, czasów, wspólnot czy związków międzyludzkich. Przez cały okres swojej artystycznej ewolucji Oryszyn przepisywała ten temat w najrozmaitszych wariantach, przepisując tym samym „siebie”, to znaczy własną biografię, doświadczenia, emocje, wspomnienia. Autorka przekonuje, iż poznawanie tajników własnej tożsamości jest możliwe dzięki uruchomianiu empatii (w wymiarze ludzkim i artystycznym) i podejmowaniu wciąż od nowa prób zrozumienia trudnych relacji z Innymi.
EN
The article is an attempt at sketching the main problem of Zyta Oryszyn’s prose, her novels (written before 1989 Black ilumination and Madam Frankensztajn) and especially stories collected in volume tittled Salvation of Atlantis, edited in 2012. The most important theme of all her works is strangeness, strong feelings of not belonging to any places, moments of history, communities or relationships. During whole artistic evolution Oryszyn rewrited this theme in many different ways, so she also rewrited herself that is to say her own biography, experiences, emotions and recollections. The author convinces that the opportunity to recognition oneselves identity is to activate human and artistic sensibility and to try to understand every difficult relations with Others.
The article analyzes selected works by Janusz Głowacki which were created in various moments of his life, and thus in different historical conditions. A narrative on the Polish August written in the 1980s, the later autobiographical writings about his émigré experience and the account of the work on the script for the film on Lech Wałęsa all have features of an autobiographical confession, being at the same time the testimony of changes in the Polish identity at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. But most of all they remain a challenge — an ironical critique of national stereotypes and community myths. The article attempts to trace conditions which determined the changes in perceiving recent Polish history and its role in shaping individual and collective identities.
The article is devoted interpreting Tadeusz Różewicz's poem Gdzie jest pies pogrzebany. The focus is on the contexts of the poem: contemporary experience (and experiencing) of old age, a critical outlook on the rules of communication, and the modes and aims of taking up the tradition of satiric writing.
The main aim of the article is the consideration of problems connected with “the prose of rural spaces” (rural spaces’ prose) which is understood as an important theoretical term, used in critical texts in relation to novels, mainly written at the beginning of 21th century. Presented with examples from contemporary Polish literature (the popular and awarded novels written by e.g. Paweł Potoroczyn, Maciej Płaza, Wioletta Grzegorzewska, Weronika Gogola) rural spaces’ prose appears to be not entirely precise, but nevertheless a useful category. This category describes the authors’ literary explorations, as well as the methodological efforts of researchers to characterize this new cultural phenomena.
The objective of the article is to analyze different variants of creating spaces in Dorota Masłowska’s prose. It is an interpretation of the evolution of the author’s strategies of diagnosing the present, also performed through penetrating the space understood as a collection of cultural practices. The acceleration of the process of civilization changes is simultaneously a subject of Masłowska’s diagnoses as well as a factor determining the shape and destination of her creative accomplishments.
This article presents the connections between geography and literature leaning on the material of texts written in the 20th century by authors from many different countries. Poems from the body of work by Guillaume Apollinaire, César Valejo, Jorge Luis Borges, Natałka Biłocerkiweć, Antoni Pawlak and their common main theme “death in Paris” are treated as examples of unique and significant evidence of the human experience of space. The interpretations of those literary creations may help us to understand the processes of locating a single existence. This is understood as a path that leads to self-awareness.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia związki między geografią a literaturą na podstawie tekstów pisanych w XX wieku, przez autorów z różnych stron świata. Wiersze przynależące do spuścizny tak różnych poetów jak: Guillaume Apllinaire, Cesar Valejo, Jorge Luis Borges, Natałka Biłocerkiweć, Antoni Pawlak oraz ich główny temat „śmierci w Paryżu” potraktowane zostały jako wyraziste przykłady szczególnego i ważnego świadectwa ludzkich doświadczeń spacjalnych. Interpretacje tych literackich wizji umożliwiają zrozumienie procesów umiejscawiania pojedynczej egzystencji, pojmowanych jako droga wiodąca do pogłębiania podmiotowej samoświadomości.
The article considers the consequences of spatial turn. This turn didnot limit itself merely to the creation of a new methodology and researchtools. Instead it covered a much wider scope, as it allowed conclusions to bedrawn not only on cultural discourse but also transformation within otherareas of research as politics, patterns of common memory andideology,as well as a change in the processes of establishing the rulesof sociallife. The awareness of the extent to which space determines the conditionsof existence was directly linked to the perception of human activity asinherently “located”. The growing interest into the spatial dimension ofindividual and collective experience provides an insight into the issue froma broader perspective. At the same time the topographical turn contributedto the reformulation of other basic terms such as language, subject, culture,literary and artistic practice, and finally, the research and the researcher’sposition in its own right.
The article analyzes emotions in literature and their deep connection with the represented space. A good illustration of such interrelations is provided by the memoir of Amos Oz, A Tale about Love and Darkness (2002). The interpretation demonstrates that the relation between the personal experience (including family) and community values may shed light upon other questions such as the difficult past of the state of Israel, growing up into a wise patriotism and establishing real connections with the homeland.
The aim of article is to analyse the main artistic strategies in Darek Foks’ writing and to compare his works with the tradition and products of mass culture. In his latest composition, written in 2015 and titled Dad’s tablet, the author, as many times earlier, casts a critical eye over significant categories of mass culture, especially performance, stageability and, artistic authenticity. In this way Foks tries to leave his own, distinctively individual mark, a rebellious gesture against the rules governing contemporary culture.
The article contains interpretations of three different textes with the main theme – wolves. A poem titled Wolf by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Zbigniew Herbert’s Wolves and Autobiographical reportage Wolves by Adam Wajrak unites special literary vision of those animals – dangerous but also free and independent. Images of wolves as a base of metaphors, comparisons and parallelisms have changed during last decades simultaneously with evolution of common consiousness. Animal studies as a methodology research constitutes a collection of very useful analytic instruments for investigating traditional cultural patterns and trails of new ideas.
PL
Artykuł zawiera interpretacje trzech różnych tekstów, których głównym tematem pozostają wilki. Wiersz Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza Wilk, Wilki Zbigniewa Herberta i autobiograficzny reportaż Adama Wajraka Wilki łączy specyficzny literacki obraz tych zwierząt – niebezpiecznych, ale wolnych i niezależnych. Portrety wilków używanych jako podstawa budowania metafor, porównań i paralelizmów zmieniały się w ostatnich dekadach wraz z przemianami świadomości zbiorowej. Animal studies jako metodologia badań stanowi zbiór użytecznych narzędzi analitycznych przydatnych w śledzeniu tradycyjnych kulturowych wzorców oraz tropów nowych idei.
The main aim of the article is the return to the historical events which happened on the Turkish territory of the Ottoman Empire in 1915 and to identify traces of the past. During the First World War the attempted extermination of the Armenian nation took place, and those tragic occurrences remain a literary theme until now. An interpretation of the novel written by Elif Şafak – almost a hundred years after those events – leads to some rather pessimistic cultural conclusions. The author creates, in The Bastard of Istanbul, a mournful vision of the common tendency to forget and the mutual agreement to inherit prejudices against members of other nations, but especially those who live in neighbouring areas.
The article contains consideration on changes of ways to create pictures of East in Polish literature after the second World War. In the 80s of the twentieth century writers start breaking stereotypes with assitance of intertextuality and subjectivization (e.g. Zostało z uczty bogów by Igor Newerly, Stankiewicz. Powrót by Eustachy Rylski, Drabina Jakubowa by Władysław Terlecki). In the twenty-first century those tendencies increased – an important example is Sońka written by Ignacy Karpowicz, the novel is very popular among young readers.
PL
Artykuł zawiera rozważania dotyczące przemian w kreowaniu obrazów Wschodu w powojennej literaturze polskiej. W latach 80. XX wieku pisarze zaczęli w rozmaity sposób naruszać istniejące stereotypy, przede wszystkim przez wprowadzanie intertekstualnych gier oraz subiektywizację obrazu (m.in. Igor Newerly Zostało z uczty bogów, Eustachy Rylski Stankiewicz. Powrót, Władysław Terlecki Drabina Jakubowa). W XXI wieku tendencje te zaczęły narastać – wyrazistym przykładem może być Sońka Ignacego Karpowicza, powieść, która zdobyła popularność także wśród młodych czytelników.
The aim of the article is to present an interpretation of one of literary visions of traumatic experiences. Suffering a wrongs in childhood is, by the author, the main cause of many problems In grown people’s life. Those wounds, psychical and physical, may not be cured. The destruction of emotional sphere of human personality causes also a damage of the language capable to express not only trials or harms but even commonplace experiences. Joanna Bator in her novel examines also the abilities of cultural patterns especially those permitting to understand the trauma dimensions and describes the changes of principles ruling a common life.
PL
The aim of the article is to present an interpretation of one of literary visions of traumatic experiences. Suffering a wrongs in childhood is, by the author, the main cause of many problems In grown people’s life. Those wounds, psychical and physical, may not be cured. The destruction of emotional sphere of human personality causes also a damage of the language capable to express not only trials or harms but even commonplace experiences. Joanna Bator in her novel examines also the abilities of cultural patterns especially those permitting to understand the trauma dimensions and describes the changes of principles ruling a common life.
Review: Janos Tischler, I do szabli… Polska i Węgry. Punkty zwrotne w dziejach obu narodów w latach 1956 oraz 1980-1981, trans. Botond H.jj, Warszawa 2001.
The main aim of the article is recognition of current manners of transforming deep sorrow after loss of relatives in literature. The theme of two novels written by polish authors – man and woman – in 21st century is death of their fathers. Preparing for funerals intensifies mourning and recalls memories of the past. Those experiences demand expression. Interpretations of two autobiografical novels prove that the traditional roles for sorrowing after loss which were highly dependent on gender, later in 20th century were submitted certain changes and this process accelerate. Strong feelings of mourning belong to human being, The ways of manifesting those feeligs are connected with gender but are not entirely determined by this category.
The main aim of the article is an interpretation of Stanisław Barańczak’s poem Przywracanie porządku (Restoration of order), written in Cambridge, USA, between December 1981 and July 1982. This composition may be analysed as a specific closure of one stage of his literary output and the starting point of new forms of his creative work. Contemporary affect theory (as a multiplicity of forms and types) proves to be a useful methodology, which affords possibilities for new interpretations of Barańczak’s poetry.
The article contains reflections on changes in biographical writing, especially biography of persons of heterogenous ethnic identity. The biographies are not only reconstructions of an individual’s life, but also a clear testimony and reflection of changes in collective consciousness. It turns out that biographies also discover, in a peculiar way, the author’s identity, who, in the process of selection and creation of a biographical text, reveals a part of their own history. This aspect is clearly seen in texts by second and third generation Holocaust survivors, and is demonstrated by interpretations of Magdalena Tulli’s Włoskie szpilki [Italian High Heels] and Piotr Paziński’s Pensjonat [Boarding house].
The article contains a consideration about contemporary prose and its educational values. Interpretations of books written by Filip Springer, Julia Fiedorczuk, Anna Janko, Andrzej Stasiuk may be treated as examples of connections between nowadays literature and global and local problems that torment our societies. The consequences of spatial turn in humanistic researches bring many changes, not only on cultural discourses. There are also important transformations of other areas of research, as politics, patterns of common memory and ideology, as well as the processes of establishing the rules of social life. The growing interest into the spatial dimension of individual and collectiva experience provides to the reformulation of other basic terms such as language, subject, culture, literary and artistic practice, and finally, the research and the researcher’s position in the sphere of his new rights.
PL
Artykuł zawiera rozważania poświęcone prozie najnowszej i jej edukacyjnemu znaczeniu. Interpretacje tekstów Filipa Springera, Julii Fiedorczuk, Anny Janko czy Andrzeja Stasiuka mogą zostać uznane za przykłady działań analitycznych, pozwalających pokazywać powiązania między najnowszą literaturą a globalnymi oraz lokalnymi problemami trapiącymi ludzkie społeczności i zbiorowości. Spuścizna zwrotu przestrzennego we współczesnej humanistyce to zarazem wiele przemian, do których doszło nie tylko w ramach kulturowych dyskursów. Ważnym przekształceniom podległo postrzeganie innych obszarów badawczych, takich jak polityka, wzorce pamięci oraz ideologii, a także przemiany reguł wspólnotowego życia. Wzrost zainteresowania przestrzennym wymiarem doświadczeń jednostkowych i zbiorowych doprowadził do przeformułowania podstawowych zagadnień, takich jak język, podmiot, kultura, praktyka literacka i artystyczna, a także przedmiot badań oraz pozycja badacza w sferze nowych kompetencji.
This article proposes some considerations on a particular variation of the elegiac mood represented by and manifested in lyrical farewells of departing mothers. A review of the variants commences with an analysis of a particularly important work by Tadeusz Różewicz written at the beginning of this century - Matka odchodzi. The book was, at the time, a particular reference point for the following poetic volumes in which the theme of the death of the poet’s mother was paramount and significant. The article also focuses on volumes of poems, written by poets that belonged to different generations but shared the same date of publication, i.e. the year 2009. Both clear similarities and marked differences in the actual commitment in carrying out the theme and in creating the profiles of mothers that have passed away are to be found in the works of Piotr Sommer (Dni i noce), Jan Polkowski (Cantus) and Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki (Piosenka o zależnościach i uzależnieniach).
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