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1

HUNTS AND STAYS OF POLISH KINGS AND GRAND DUKES OF LITHUANIA IN BIALOWIEZA PRIMEVAL FOREST IN THE 15-16TH CENTURY

100%
Samojlik T.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 3-4
293-305
EN
In the local tradition Bialowieza Primeval Forest is described as a favourite hunting place of Polish kings, especially the Jagiellons and Stefan Batory. There are many places on tourist trails that are connected with kings' stays in the Forest. This paper attempts to verify the popular information on royal visits to Bialowieza Primeval Forest in 1386-1586 basing on historical sources and results of archaeological excavations. In the time concerned Bialowieza Primeval Forest belonged to the grand duke's properties and was protected as a hunting reserve of Polish kings and grand dukes of Lithuania. Informations on 6 confirmed and 11 possible stays of Jagiellons and Stefan Batory in the Forest were found. Visit to the Forest was not always tantamount to hunting, as kings' mansion in Bialowieza was also a stop on the way from Vilnius to Cracow. Scarce historical sources did not allow to estimate the quantity of hunted animals, nevertheless 11 possible hunts during 157 years documented by sources indicate relatively low hunting pressure on the Forest. Another issue is the localization of the kings' manor in Bialowieza Primeval Forest. Archaeological excavations conducted in three sites connected according to custom with manors brought the discovery of 11th century cemetery in the Zamczysko Range, hunting manor from 17th century in today's Bialowieza, and so far unidentified manor in the Stara Bialowieza Range. (2 fig.)
2

STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS PONIATOWSKI IN BIALOWIEZA FOREST (30th AUGUST-2nd SEPTEMBER 1784)

100%
Samojlik T.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
35-52
EN
Since the Jagiellonian times (14th century), the Bialowieza Primeval Forest held a status of royal woodland, strictly protected as the monarchs' hunting ground. The last royal hunt in Bialowieza Forest took place in 1784, during Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski's travel from Warsaw to Grodno. The paper gives a detailed account of the king's stay and hunts in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest, based on the analysis of 'Diary of His Majesty Polish King Stanislaus Augustus' travel to Seym in Grodno...', written by Adam Naruszewicz in 1784, and several cartographic documents: a list of places visited by king's retinue, maps of king's route (including the maps of the Bialowieza Primeval Forest) drawn by Michal Polchowski, and a drawing of a hunting bower raised in the Forest for the purposes of Stanislaus Augustus' hunt. Furthermore, the history of material traces of the visit (hunting enclosures and bowers, roads, maps) is described and the reports in the Russian literature and art are presented.
3

EARLY MEDIAEVAL CEMETERY IN THE ZAMCZYSKO RANGE, BIALOWIEZA PRIMEVAL FOREST

51%
Krasnodebski D., Samojlik T., Olczak H., Jedrzejowska B.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2005
|
vol. 57
555-583
EN
Excavations conducted in 2003 in the Zamczysko Range in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (E. Poland) revealed an Early Mediaeval cemetery with flat graves, originally paved with stones and larger boulders (now destroyed by exploitation of stones from the site in the 19th and 20th centuries). In four trenches, covering in total 28.5 sq. m., remains of three inhumation burials (including two children) were discovered. Artifacts recovered from the site included potsherds, head-band ring pendants (made of copper with admixture of silver, zinc, and lead), and a single glass bead. Radiocarbon dating of human bones indicated that Zamczysko cemetery was used in the late 11th - early 12th century AD.
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