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LABOUR MIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA (Imigranci zarobkowi w Australii)

100%
Aniol W.
Polityka Społeczna
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2009
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vol. 36
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issue 7(424)
28-32
EN
This article provides an analysis of Australian labour migration policy. The country has an extended history of an immigration program managed by the federal government. In the post-war resettlement phase immigration schemes focused initially on the United Kingdom, but they were later expanded to include most countries in Western Europe. Since the late 1960s, there was progressively a move away from balancing migrants from diverse world regions to examining foreigner's suitability as a settler, wherever the they might come from, which meant the abolition of the 'White Australia policy'. A turning point was reached in 2004 when for the first time for more than two centuries less than a half of Australia's overseas-born population was from Europe. In 1982, the migration points test was introduced to attract migrants to settle in Australia on a planned and selective basis. Since then the intake of skilled foreign workers has steadily increased to meet the chronic skills shortages experienced by a range of national industries. In 2007-08, the Skill Stream made up 68 per cent of the total Migration Program. There were 108 540 people granted Skill Stream places, an increase of more than 10 per cent on 2006-07, while 49 870 people got Family Stream visas. A range of mechanisms have been introduced to attract migrants to settle away from the major metropolitan destinations on the East Coast and in South West Australia. Since the mid 1990s it has been also recognized that in the context of globalised labour markets it is essential to have mechanisms to allow non-permanent entry of workers with particular skills and entrepreneurs.
2
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ON SOME ASPECTS OF LABOUR MIGRATION TO NORWAY (Problemy migracji zarobkowych do Norwegii)

100%
Aniol W.
Polityka Społeczna
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2009
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vol. 36
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issue 5-6(422-423)
23-28
EN
Norway has experience of labour migration in a longer historical perspective, particularly in connection with the large-scale emigration to North America until the First World War. This article argues that in recent years labour migration to Norway has increased significantly and has become the most important reason for immigration. The process is beneficial since migrant workers help meeting demand for labour, and thereby also contribute to economic growth, to unblocking bottlenecks in the labour market and to curbing price and costs increases. At the same time, the Norwegian Government and trade unions focus on preventing labour migration from resulting in a dualisation of the labour market, with the creation of a separate segment for foreign labour with terms and standards that are significantly inferior to those applicable to other workers. This applies especially to the so-called posted workers who are in Norway on short-term contracts. Since May 2004 Norway has received a large number of labour migrants from the new European Union countries, mostly from Poland. In 2007, about nine out of every ten permits to labour migrants were granted to persons from the European Economic Area (EEA), while Nordic citizens do not require any permits. In turn, the main emphasis in the regulation of labour migration from third countries is on facilitating the recruitment of skilled labour. The main aim of the proposals presented in April 2008 to the Storting by the Government in the White Paper on labour migration is to contribute to a migration policy that is flexible, more transparent and predictable for all involved parties.
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A HUMANITARIAN SUPERPOWER? NORWAY VIS-A-VIS NEW SOCIAL CHALLENGES (Mocarstwo humanitarne? Norwegia wobec nowych wyzwan spolecznych)

100%
Aniol W.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2009
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vol. 12
121-144
EN
The article consists of three parts, each of them devoted to one of the three major social challenges which Norway has been trying to meet in recent years: (1) the question of redistribution related to the present and expected level of social spending, with special emphasis to a possible increase of income from the Norwegian Oil Fund; (2) the immigration issue which is becoming more and more important in view of an increasing number of foreigners in the country and a growing movement of labour force from new European Union countries, mostly from Poland; (3) Norway's contribution to solving of global problems through development and humanitarian aid, promotion of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, peace and disarmament diplomacy etc.
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