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EN
The article is devoted to the image of the Operation ‘Vistula’ that emerges from the narratives of members of the Lemko community of memory. The analysis is based on interviews that I have conducted as part of my longterm research conducted among representatives of the Lemko community. The collected stories are part of the ‘history of minorities’, or ‘subordinate history’, which in post-war Poland was subordinated to the official vision of the national past, doomed to marginalization and ‘forgetting’. The change was brought about by the year 1989, which started the period of democratization of memory and ‘reclaiming the past’ by marginalized minorities. The analysis of interviews allows indicating the main and recurring motives, but also the dynamics of changing the way of telling about this important event. What is characteristic of all collected narratives is the special importance of Operation ‘Vistula’, which appears in every story, often spontaneously and often performing different functions in these narratives. It is an event that structures the group’s history. It constitutes a distinct turning point, dividing the group’s history into the good ‘time before’ displacement and bad ‘time after’ displacement; it allows upholding relationships between the past, present and future.
EN
The emergence of separate nationalities often entails standardisation of the language and an attempt to prove its multifunctional nature, while codification as such becomes one of the basic demands of ethnic movements striving to-wards emancipation. In her paper, the author analyses the process of emanci-pation of Silesian in the context of linguistic ideologies, studying above all the ideologies shared by Silesian ethnic leaders. The conclusions presented in the paper are based on analyses of numerous in-depth interviews conducted with Silesian ethnic leaders. This approach makes it possible to take into account, in the analysis of linguistic processes, the point of view of the users of the specific language and their linguistic awareness, and also makes it possible to seek relationships between linguistic awareness, language structure and social phenomena.
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