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1

Zewnętrzne warunki rozwoju krajów słabo rozwiniętych w świetle prac Glinnara Myrdala

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Kostrzewa-Tomczak T., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

The article is an attempt to show a convergence of views of contemporary researchers dealing with the world economy problems and G. Myrdal's theses concerning the building of a peacelul and just world economy. For Myrdal a greater justice in the world may be attained mainly through accelerated development of less-developed countries. Hence, the main attention in this article has been focussed on G.Myrdal's views on international determinants ol accelerated development of less-developed countries, including the role of foreign atd. The article presents also Myrdal’s criticism ol the economic backwardness theory, and against this background — Myrdal's thesis about a necessity of an institutional approach to problems of less-developed countries. 38 Ibidem,

2

Kurs walutowy a struktura wymiany oraz produkcji krajowej

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Kuchowicz W., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

Ťhe article analyzes interrelationships between the level of currency exchange rates and tne structure of trade exchange and production. These relationships are analyzed successively assuming different currency exchange systems — excluded, restricted and full mechanim of an exchange rate operation, with the system of restricted exchange rates being further disaggregated. In each case, the author analyzes an inlluence ol changes in currency exchange rates on profitability of export, import and domestic production of particular commodity groups and, conseguently, on the structure ol loreign trade and domestic production. There are separately presented consequences of non-balancing flows ol capital for these relationships. The only possibility of ensuring structural changes in the economy compatible with requirements posed by external conditions in a direct and full impact of a flexible exchange rate on internal prices, costs and incomes. While analyzing the impact of a currency exchange rate on internal prices and costs the author discusses also a controversial problem of proinflationary influence of devaluation.

3

Koncepcja aktywnej polityki strukturalnej państwa w świetle zachodnioniemieckiej myśli ekonomicznej

100%

Szukalski S., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

Tlie article analyzes causes of enhanced interest in the structural policy in the FRG in, the eighties and it presents a conception of an active structural policy in the market economy. The main object of deliberations are the notion and scope of an active structural policy as perceived by the West German economic thought, its main goals and types. It has been pointed out that the structural policy is an independent activity of the state differing from remaining kinds of its activity, which is pursued within the framework of the market economy. The last- -mentioned lactor determines the character of intervention. Its task is to shape economic structures and solve structural problems. It reveals, however, numerous relationships with the remaining kinds of intervention of the state in the economy. The author analyzes also the structural policy of growth-promoting and stabilization character, sectoral and regional structural policy, and the structural policy aiming at: preservation of structures, change of structures, and control of economic structures

4

Perspektywy gospodarki chłopskiej w poglądach Karola Marksa

100%

Puliński W., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

Only very few publications dealing with analysis of K. Marx’ views on development prospects of peasant farms indicate that also in his works one can find elements prompting an opinion that he perceived some possibilities of development for peasant farms. On the other hand, there are commonly emphasized these e le - ments in K. Marx' creative output, which testify to his uncompromising stance towards possibilities of implementing reproduction on enlarged scale by small- -commodity agriculture. The present article is devoted, in principle, to pointing out these elements in K. Marx' views, which may testify that he was inclined also to attributing to small-commodity agriculture certain chances for implementing reproduction on enlarged scale. There may be expanding these farms, which: — obtain surplus production above interest paid on price of land; — do not pay mortgage; — realize differential land rate I.

5

Koncepcje socjalizmu jako systemu społeczno-gospodarczego w ujęciu Johna Stracheya i Richarda H. S. Crossmana

100%

Kwiatkowski E., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

Tho article is devoted to analysis of concepts of socialism put forward by John Strachey and Richaird H. S. Crossman, two leading representatives of the British Social-Democratic thought in the postwar period. It shows a major evolution of Strachoy's views, who initially identified socialism with of planned economy based on social ownership of means of production to shift later on to positions similar to Crossman's standpoint stressing th slogans of freedom, equality and participation of workers in management. These concepts contain certain elements of progressive character, which can be found in advocated postulates expressing a relative improvement of the socio-economic situation of the working class. Their progressive social character is, however, restricted to a big extent. The concepts put forward postulates of some socio-economic reforms assuming stabilization of basic institutions of capitalism.

6

Austriacka droga od „socjalnej gospodarki rynkowej" do „austrokeynesizmu"

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Pasieka M., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

The article presents evolution of the economic policy concept in Austria after the Second World War. The author distinguishes two main stages in Austria's postwar economic policy. The first stage in the years 1955—1970 was a period characterized by predominance of the concept of „social market economy", which constituted a political credo of the Christian Democratic Party being at power in those yeairs. A turning point in the previous neoliberal tradition of the economic policy in Austria took place when the Social Democratic Party came to power. Its „Austrokeynesism" concept realized in the years 1970—1986 may be included to the post-Keynesian trend.

7

O stosunku Friedricha Hayeka do teorii Keynesa i polityki pełnego zatrudninia

100%

Godłów-Legiędż J., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

Friedrich Hayek rejects explicitly both Keynes' theory and the policy of full employment based on this theory. He bases his thesis about fundamental fallacy of Keynes' theory on methodological premises. F. Hayek criticizes Keynes’ theory as a theory applying methods of natural sciences, a macroeconomic theory and a theory paving the way for dominance of quantitative economics. Moreover, at the foundations of this criticism lie certain methodological-philosophical assumptions leading to apotheosis of competition and negation of possibilities of steering socio-economic processes by man in a deliberate way. In this point, Hayek's criticism of Keynesism coincides with his criticism of the idea of planning and of socialism. The policy of full employment is interpreted by the author as a policy cerating a necessity of accelerated inflation. His criticism of this policy springs from his full acceptance of the neoclassical theory of employment.

8

Rozwój pośrednich form demokracji przemysłowej w Holandii

100%

Przepałkowska D., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1989

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vol. 98

EN

The analysis of development of indirect forms of industriell democracy in Holland has been preceded by a short description of the industrial relations model, whose form exerK a significant influence on conditions of worker participation development. Indirect forms of industrial democracy in Holland include, first of all, plant councils and the so-called worker-diiectoirs (representatives of workers on supervisory boards). Legal foundations for development of these forms have been guaranteed by appropriate acts of law with the first of them being adopted in the lif'ies. An important element of worker codetermination in Holland is also a system of controlled cooption, which largely expands competences of plant councils giving them a right to participate in elections oi supervisory boards members.

9

Charakter więzi między organizacjami badawczymi a przedsiębiorstwami i ich wpływ na działalność innowacyjną (organizacji badawczych)

100%

Ziółkowska I., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 86

EN

The innovation-oriented activity of research and development organizations is affected by a number of factors, including , among others, the character of ties among entities participating in the innovative process. These ties should be primarily o horizontal (economic) character and they should be predominant in the accepted economic solutions and in the valid status of research and development organizations and enterprises. The functioning of horizontal ties in relationships between the research and development organization and the enterprise is connected with their appropriate adjustment to the existing system of management and with other factors such as: character of market, way in which itis organized, and possibilities of competition. These factors determine the effectiveness of the functioning of the analyzed ties. The basic type of ties in contacts between them are exchange ties, which may assume a demand or a supply form. Their influence on the innovation-oriented activity may concern the choice of research. and development projects by the RSD organization and their effective realization. These forms do not exhaust all the possible solutions. That is due to the fact that the institution of bargaining, settlement of "royalties" type, as well as ties of specialized character are not irreconcilable with the status of both these entities.

10

Cykliczne następstwo faz rozwoju gospodarczego PRL. Ujęcie modelowe

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Bauc J., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 86

EN

The article is focussed on the so-called traditional system of functioning of the socialist economy discussed against the background of data concerning the Polish economy. The performed analysis of empiric al data about Poland's economic development over the years 1950-1980 has al lowed to determine the elements which behaved in a very specific way in the period under study. Division of the analyzed three decades into particular phases, according to trends in the shares of production investments in the national income, reveals that other magnitudes, and primarily growth rate of capital stock and its productivity, as well as labour productivity, were also behaving in a way specific for them in these subperiods. The author makes an attempt to explain this cyclical feature on the basis of interrelationships between the system of the economy's functioning and the economic polic of the central organs. Mutual impact of these two elements on each other may generate different types of the economic development. However, the cyclical development appears to be most probable, which was fully confirmed by the experience of the thirty years.

11

Nadmierna skłonność do inwestycji w gospodarce centralnie planowanej

100%

Grabowski B., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 86

EN

Excessive investment propensity is one of the most serious problems faced by the centrally planned economy. The analysis performed by the author aims at determining the causes of excessive investment propensity at all levels of the economic hierarchy which are inherent in the socio-economic system. The author distinguishes between bottom-top (enterprises, unions of producers, branch ministries) and top-bottom (central planner) drives to investment when analyzing the causes of their existence in connection with the mechanism of making investment decisions. An important part of the problem of excessive propensity to invest, being also discussed in the article, is impact of the above mentined drives to investon the excessive investment demand within the entire system. When describing the pressure exerted by economic units at lower levels of the management system on entities situated at higher levels the author presents a mechanism of format ion of informal and cover t groups of interests and their role in making in vestment decisions. Although the object of this analysis is not construction of positive propositions referring to the entire system, among conclusions drawn on the basis of the analysis, there can be also found a postulate of "hard" monetary-budgetary constraints for economic units as the only effective impediment to excessive investment propensity.

12

Państwowy sektor rolny w warunkach funkcjonowania reformy gospodarczej

100%

Bieńkowski A., Łyczek W., Puliński W., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 86

EN

An attempt at remodelling the economic-financial system binding state agricultural farms was made in mid-1981. The system of commands and centralized allocation of supplies used for many years had proved to be poorly effective, hampering increase in efficiency, and promoting involvement of disproportionately high inputs in relation to obtained production effects. The operation of this system had shown many negative phenomena reflecting negatively on conditions and effects of activity of state agricultural farms. Thus, it is no wonder that the system has become an object of strong criticism on the part of specialists and the general public in the late seventies. The response and the expression of reformatory tendencies in the economic sphere was an attempt aiming at basing the operation of these farms on new principles undertaken as from July 1, 1981. The main principles under lying the new economic-financial system of state agricultural farms were autonomy, self-financing of their entire economic activity, and self-management of employees. The system introduced a principle that state agricultural enterprises shape their organization, directions and structure of production, and plan their economic-financial operations in a fully autonomous way. The very essence of the agrarian issue in Poland, organizational prerequisites of the state sector functioning, instruments of controlling economic processes in this sector , as well as the motivation system have become an object of analysis and critical evaluation based on the authors' own studies and the literature of the subject.

13

Przyczyny inflacji w gospodarce socjalistycznej

100%

Pruski J., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

The article deals with one of the key problems in the theory and practice of the socialist economy and, namely, with causes of inflation. In the introduction, some concepts such as economic equilibrium, full market equilibrium and inflation are defined. The last one is approached as a „process of unilateral shaking of a full market equilibrium i.e. a process of creating a surplus in consumer and investment demand in relation to supply possibilities being expressed in growth of the general price level or in a trend towards its growth". The analysis contained in the article does not constitute a comprehensive analysis as focussing attention on real reproduction process there is deliberately omitted the sphere of money. The central part of the article, taking into account the constraints introduced e arlier on, analyzes throe major causes of intlation in tho socialist economy. They include: (a) sucking of the second sector by the first sector; (b) preserving a development model based on a faster growth rate of the first than the second sector; and (c) fetishism of economic growth. In conclusions, it is stated that interaction of these negative trends loads to appearance of inflationary processes in the socialist economy.

14

Polityka zatrudnienia w RFN ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji skracania czasu pracy

100%

Hadrowicz T., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

Unemployment constitutes one of the most important problems in highly developed capitalist countries today. And although these countries undertook numerous additional measures in the employment policy in the sixties, the slump in 1974 and 1975 along with the slow-down in the economic growth rate in the years following the crisis and the next crisis in the years 1981—1982 all caused that unemployment assumed proportions unprecedented since the fifties and a long-term character. Ineffectiveness of the state's economic policy and little optimistic long-term forecasts for economic growth led to revival and considerable strengthening of the working- -time shortening concept as a source of struggle with unemployment, which is the concept that first appeared and was applied in practice at the time of the great slump in 1929—1933. This article contains presentation of the above concept and of the discussion around it under way in West Germany. In its introduction, there are briefly presented also other measures employed by the West Gorman employment policy and undertaken in the late sixties, which produced rather meager effects. In the final part оГ the article, it is stated that a common reduction of working time is a measure able to alleviate the unemployment problem. As such it is a solution, which considering the present situation in the labour market of most highly developed countries, should be adopted in spite ol all reservations and doubts expressed with regard to it. Simultaneously, however, it seems quite obvious that it does not offer the slighest chance for permanent liquidation of this highly undesirable negative phenomenon.

15

Metoda badawcza Miltona Friedmana

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Belka M., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

The following theses of the research method adopted by M. Friedman arouse major doubts: — falsification ot hypotheses constitutes the only tost of their truthfulness, — main role of the theory consists in formulating forecasts. The principle of falsification „through implications" means that realism of assumptions of theoretical hypotheses remains outside the framework of the verification procedure, which — taking into account practical difficulties in comparing forecasts and implications of hypotheses with the economic reality resulting from the very essence of economic sciences — causes that a danger arises of transforming a scientific theory into an unquestionable economic doctrine. In turn, stressing the exclusive forecasting function of science implies abandoning attempts at explicating the reality, which consequently causes that we tend to deal with analysis not of cause-effect relationships but rather correlations, that cannot provide a basis for understanding phenomena. The knowledge obtained in this way is of necessity of „temporary” character and it arouses only limited confidence. In the case of the economic theory, wo are usual ly dealing then with lack of substantiation ot macroeconomic theories by solid macroeconomic foundations. Friedman does not try to conceal relationships between methodological deliberations and his economic doctrine. The aim of his research method is to facilitate defence of the two crucial elements of the neoclassical analysis — the profit maximization concepL and the perfect competition concept. They are more sensitive of critique ensuing from their direct confrontation with the reality while, on the other hand, it is much more difficult to underming them „through implications.

16

Keynesowska koncepcja popytu na siłę roboczą

100%

Kwiatkowski E., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

The article deals witli the problem of demand lor labour in the light ot J. M. Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, which is not interpreted in a uniform way in the literature. The author of this article tries to show that the problem was not presented in the above book in an explicit manner. Alongside an original Keynes' approach according to which demand for labour is determinaed by size of the effective demand for goods, we can also find in General theory' an acceptance of a neoclassical approach treating demand for labour as a function of real wages. The author tries to prove that the neoclassical approach plays a secondary role in Keynes’ overall theoretical system, and its acceptance by Keynes is due to the fact that the author of General Theory could not free himsell from neoclassical „common wisdoms".

17

Norweski model demokracji przemysłowej

100%

Rudolf S., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

The Norwegian model of industrial democracy was not developed until the seventies although processes of developing this democracy had begun much earlier- The Norwegian Labour Party and the trade union federation on the one hand and the confederation of employers on the other exerted the biggest influence on development of just such a model. Its essence boils down, first of all, to various forms of workers' control over ownership. A basic role in the Norwegian model is played by the indirect democracy forms. Among them are works councils composed of the same number of workers' and management's representatives. These are typically advisory bodies aiming primarily at improvement of the enterprise's economic effectiveness. . Workers' representatives constitute one third of their members. Empirical studies point at their restricted role in the decision-making process, and it especially refers to the enterprise's assembly, as th eir activity is overshadowed by that of trade unions.

18

Uwagi o metodzie kolejnych przybliżeń do rzeczywistości J. Schumpetera

100%

Mikosik S., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1987

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vol. 75

EN

The article presents an attempt at methodological interpre tation of certain assumptions trom the well-known work of J. Schumpeter — Business Cycles. There is analyzed the „pure model" and modification of its assumptions based on a general theory of economic equilibrium elaborated by J. Warlas. Next, the author presents foundations lor the historical and statistical verification of the concept of three paralk'Ily developing cycles (Kitchin's, Ju g iar's and Kondratiev's). It is underlined in the final remarks th a t J. Schumpeter's vision of economic evolution is of a descriptive character as the theory created by him cannot fully explain this vision.

19

Optimum integracji gospodarczej

100%

Michalewski A., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 86

EN

The author has made an attempt at determining optimal conditions of econonic integration analyzing relationships occurring between economic laws and integration. A great deal of attention has been devoted to the principle of rational economic management, theory of comparative costs and structure of integrating economies. The author treats these circumstances as important conditions determining optimum of integration. The article constains also remarks on the functioning of both European economic groupings from the viewpoint of applied criteria of integration.

20

Jeszcze raz o marksistowskiej teorii rynkowej

100%

Godłów-Legiędź J., Instytut Ekonomii Politycznej U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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1988

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vol. 84

EN

Technical interpretation of socially indispensable time, which is represented by Rozenberg, remains in an obvious contradiction with foundations of the Marxist theory of value. The fact that Marx recognizes the impact of social demand on the value creation process ensues not only fron the views on the market value contained in the third volune of Das Kapital but already from the analysis of value in Volume I. The controversy between supportrs of the technical and the economic version was largely due to the fact that the supporters of the technical version were approaching the problem statically, while their opponents were emphasizing insufficiently the necessity of a dynamic approach to the socially indispensable time. In its static approach, the socially indispensable time may be understood in its technical sense, but in such a case we shall be applying a methodological fiction and not an economic category, which should reflect certain real economic processes. On the other hand, in its dynamic approach the concept of socially in di spensable time contains in it an element of social demand in this sense th at through the mechanism of operation of the law of value there appears a trend towards producing amounts of goods corresponding to the social demand.

Refine search results

Zewnętrzne warunki rozwoju krajów słabo rozwiniętych w świetle prac Glinnara Myrdala

Kurs walutowy a struktura wymiany oraz produkcji krajowej

Koncepcja aktywnej polityki strukturalnej państwa w świetle zachodnioniemieckiej myśli ekonomicznej

Perspektywy gospodarki chłopskiej w poglądach Karola Marksa

Koncepcje socjalizmu jako systemu społeczno-gospodarczego w ujęciu Johna Stracheya i Richarda H. S. Crossmana

Austriacka droga od „socjalnej gospodarki rynkowej" do „austrokeynesizmu"

O stosunku Friedricha Hayeka do teorii Keynesa i polityki pełnego zatrudninia

Rozwój pośrednich form demokracji przemysłowej w Holandii

Charakter więzi między organizacjami badawczymi a przedsiębiorstwami i ich wpływ na działalność innowacyjną (organizacji badawczych)

Cykliczne następstwo faz rozwoju gospodarczego PRL. Ujęcie modelowe

Nadmierna skłonność do inwestycji w gospodarce centralnie planowanej

Państwowy sektor rolny w warunkach funkcjonowania reformy gospodarczej

Przyczyny inflacji w gospodarce socjalistycznej

Polityka zatrudnienia w RFN ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji skracania czasu pracy

Metoda badawcza Miltona Friedmana

Keynesowska koncepcja popytu na siłę roboczą

Norweski model demokracji przemysłowej

Uwagi o metodzie kolejnych przybliżeń do rzeczywistości J. Schumpetera

Optimum integracji gospodarczej

Jeszcze raz o marksistowskiej teorii rynkowej