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FORMAL SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS: AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED DEFINITIONS

100%
Stalmaszczyk P.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2008
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vol. 64
9-24
EN
The paper discusses the development of formal semantics and pragmatics and traces various attempts at defining and delimiting these disciplines. It shows how the original definition, provided by Charles Morris (in 1938), has undergone several important changes and modifications. The paper discusses the contribution of Rudolf Carnap, Richard Montague and Polish logicians (Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbinski) towards the understanding of formal semantics and the methodological issues connected with formal approaches to natural language. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the problem of context in Montague Grammar and in more recent dynamic approaches to semantics and pragmatics, and offers a tentative classification of approaches to pragmatics.
2
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PRONOMINAL PREPOSITIONS AND POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN CELTIC LANGUAGES

100%
Stalmaszczyk P.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2006
|
vol. 62
157-172
EN
One of the characteristic features of Celtic languages is the absence of a singular verbal form with the meaning 'to have'. The principal way of expressing possession is through phrases with prepositions (especially Irish 'ag', Scottish Gaelic 'ag' (at), Welsh 'gan', Breton 'gant' (at; with)). Pronominal prepositions (also known as conjugated prepositions or prepositional pronouns), another distinctive feature of Celtic languages, consist of a preposition and a suffixed pronoun, or rather a pronominal personal ending. Thus the Irish and Welsh equivalents of the English sentence 'I have money' are 'Ta airgead agam' or 'Mae arian gen i', respectively, both literally meaning 'is money at/with me'. The paper discusses the properties of pronominal prepositions in modern Celtic languages and comments on some historical developments leading to this formation.
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