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Franciszek Próchnicki - polonista na wczoraj i dziś

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2009
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vol. 12
EN
Franciszek Próchnicki belongs to the outstanding representatives of grammar school Polish studies during the last quarter of the XIX century. He was born in 1847 at Brzeżany. After graduation from the Lvow University he became a Polish secondary-school-teacher, at first at his home town and, later at Lwów. In this town he acted as a headmaster of the Secondary School No 5 from 1891 till to 1905, when he went retired. Próchnicki was known as the author of a number of instructions, programs and textbooks for Polish-language for Primary and Secondary Schools. All his life Próchnicki devoted to teacher’s occupation. He died at Lwów in 1911.
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Intertekstualne refleksje Jacka Kaczmarskiego i Gerta Hofmanna o „Ślepcach” Petera Bruegla

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Gajak-Toczek M., Uniwersytet Łódzki Z. D. J. i. L. P., mgajaktoczek@poczta.onet.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2013
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vol. 22
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issue 4
PL
Artykuł Intertekstualne refleksje o „Ślepcach” Pietera Bruegla, Jacka Kaczmarskiego i Gerta Hofmanna ukazuje intelektualne związki między obrazem niderlandzkiego mistrza a wierszem polskiego barda i powieścią niemieckiego prozaika. Płótno szesnastowiecznego malarza zainspirowało twórców XX wieku do podjęcia refleksji nad otaczającym ich światem, celem i sensem życia człowieka, którego losami władają często pycha, duma, nienawiść, żądza panowania nad innymi. Mimo ogromnej siły zła – zdaniem pisarzy – należy jednak podejmować, wciąż na nowo, próby ukierunkowania na kultywowanie pierwiastków stanowiących o dobrej stronie natury ludzkiej, nadających egzystencji każdego z nas ludzki wymiar. Upadając, potykając się, doznając bólu i cierpienia, ślepcy podnoszą się, pokonują swoje własne, fizyczne ograniczenia, pozwalając wierzyć, że takich czynów dokonać mogą wszyscy.
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The article Intertextual deliberations on »The Blind« by Pieter Bruegel, Jacek Kaczmarski and Gert Hofmann indicates intellectual connections between the painting by Dutch master (The Blind Leading the Blind), the poem by Polish bard (The Parable of the Blind) and the novel by German writer (Blindensturz). The canvas by sixteenth century’s painter inspired creators of the 20th century to reflect on the surrounding world, the purpose and the meaning of human life whose fate is ruled by hubris, pride, hate, greed of dominance over other. Despite the immense power of evil – in the opinion of the writers – it is vital to attempt again and again to direct at cultivation of the elements constituting a good side of human nature which imparts human dimension to our existence. Through falling down, tripping, experiencing pain and suffering the blind rise and overcome personal and physical constraints. They let us believe that such deeds can be performed by everyone.
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Sygnatura twórczej osobowości poety

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Gajak-Toczek M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. F. P., Małgorzata Gajak-Toczek – dr a. w. Z. D. J. k. i. L. P. U. Ł. J. z. l. r. t. w., mgajaktoczek@o2.pl
Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2013
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vol. 02
PL
Książka Mistrz świata. Szkice o twórczości Marcina Świetlickiego, pod red. P. Śliwińskiego, Poznań 2011, stanowiąca pokłosie sesji zorganizowanej w 2011 roku przez Zakład Poetyki i Krytyki Literackiej UAM, Wydawnictwo Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej i Centrum Animacji Kultury w Poznaniu, jest próbą przybliżenia przesłania zawartego w przestrzeni poetyckiej jednego z najwybitniejszych polskich poetów przełomu 1989 roku. Zawiera dwadzieścia rozpraw krytycznoliterackich, kilka tekstów legitymujących się swobodniejszą kompozycją oraz cztery wiersze bohatera zbioru: Świerszcze, Uniwersytety, Postępy, Ćwierkanie. Badacze w swoich wystąpieniach podkreślają walory dorobku poetyckiego autora Schizmy, który mówi do czytelnika z miejsca trudnego do zdefiniowania, trafnie eksponując fakt, że poeta, nie – wyrzekając się swej teraźniejszości – pozostaje niejako z boku, choć nie celebruje i nie heroizuje tej osobności. Umiejętnie posługuje się ironią, żartem, kpiną, które służą mu do stworzenia dystansu wobec siebie i otaczającej rzeczywistości. Mimo ogromnej popularności, nie daje się również – w przekonaniu piszących – sprowokować do roli autorytetu.
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The book Mistrz świata. Szkice o twórczości Marcina Świetlickiego (“World Champion. Sketches on Marcin Świetlicki’s writings”, P. Śliwiński [ed.], Poznań 2011), the out- come of a session organized in 2011 by the Department of Poetics and Literary Criticism of the AMU, Wydawnictwo Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej and Culture Animation Center in Poznań, is an attempt to present the message of the poetic space of one of the greatest Polish poets of the 1989 turn. It contains twenty critical essays, several texts with a more free structure, and four poems by the author analyzed in the anthology: Świerszcze, Uniwersytety, Postępy, Ćwierkanie (respectively: “Crickets”, “Universities”, “Progress”, and “Tweeting”). In their paper, the scholars emphasize the value of the poetic output od the author od Schizma (“ The Schism”), who ad- dresses the reader from a position difficult to define, rightly emphasizing the fact that the poet, not giving up his present – remains somewhat aside, even though he does not celebrate this separateness, nor does he make it heroic. He skillfully uses irony, joke, or mockery, which he uses to create a distanced attitude to himself and the surrounding reality. Despite his popularity, he refuses to be provoked – accord- ing to the authors of the volume – to accept the role of authority.
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Dzieje V Gimnazjum Państwowego we Lwowie — wydarzenia, fakty, sylwetki uczniów i nauczycieli

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Gajak-Toczek M., Zakład Dydaktyki Języka i Literatury Polskiej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 2
XX
Metodyka
EN
The purpose of this article is to depict the history of the junior school number V in Lvov. The first period under the Austrian reign was tough time, but teachers were allowed to use Polish language. When Poland was reconstituted, the school was not sieged but it sustained damage during First World War. In spite of difficulties, the school developed. The teaching staff had professional qualifications and the secondary school kept a high level of education all the time. Numerous well-known people like Leopold Staff attended this school.
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Męskie gimnazja państwowe we Lwowie w latach 1772–1914

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Gajak-Toczek M., Zakład Dydaktyki Języka i Literatury Polskiej U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2010
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vol. 13
EN
The purpose of this article is proposing of development state-owned secondary schools for men in Lvov from 1772 to 1914. First of all we should remember that this city was incorporated into the Austrian Empire during the First Partition of Poland and it was the capital of the largest part of Austria named the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Despite of the fact, that gymnasiums were under strange power, they were a breeding ground for Polish intelligentsia, especially during the autonomy period. We should preserve a memory of them, because numerous well-known and famous people graduated from those schools who were reconstituted the Republic of Poland.
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Franciszka Próchnickiego "instrukcja" programowa i metodyczna

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2003
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vol. 06
EN
Franciszek Próchnicki belongs to the outstanding representatives of grammar school Polish studies during the last quaretr of a century after the partition of the country. He was born in 1847 at Brzeżany in Eastem-Galicia, after graduation from the Lvov University in 1873 he became a Secondary-School-teacher, at first at his home townand later at Lvov, where he acted as headmaster of the Secondary School Nr. V froml891 till to 1905 when he went. Franciszek Próchnicki was also a member of the Higher-School-Teachers’Society, which held over teachers from popular and Secondary Schools, founded lending libraries for young people, determined on teaching schedules and attached the highest importance to programs for the Polish language. He was known as author of a number of instructions for Polish-language for Secondary School of the former Galicia, especially the Guide for Polish Language Studies (1885) was the base for all programs of this subject untill 1918. As a didactician of literature Próchnicki set induction based on a wellfoundcd knowlage of literary texts. It was very important opinion. He took sides against the generally adopted acroamatic methods conected with Herbart’s views of education. This progressive yeacher confirmed that learning by heart was a process leading to uncreative attitiude towards, precluding individual things. In the history of Polish language studies during the partion of poland Próchnicki renderd a great service by making capital of any oportunity which might to Galicia in order to set Polish science on the national track. All his life Próchnicki devoted to teacher’s occupation. He died at Lvov in 1911.
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Utrwalić ślad

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Gajak-Toczek M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. F. P., Małgorzata Gajak-Toczek – dr a. w. Z. D. J. i. L. r. P. J. z. l. w., mgajaktoczek@o2.pl
Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2014
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vol. 03
EN
In his innovative work Opowiedzieć Zagładę. Polska proza i historiografia wobec Holo - caustu (1987-2003) [To Tell the Holocaust. Polish Prose and Historiography of the Holocaust (1987-2003)], Bartłomiej Krupa presents a multi-faceted overview of lit- erary and historical works devoted to the Holocaust discourse in the Polish prose in the years indicated in the title. These include, respectively: discourse elevating the Jewish victims, pluralising the attitudes and behaviours of Polish bystanders, discourse of Polish guilt and Polish shame and the opposite discourse of Polish. Textual reading, opening the author to a multilateral, often innovative insight into cited texts, encourages contemporary reader to reflect on the issues of the Holocaust, the idea of a tolerant coexistence of nations, issues of multiculturalism and respect for differences and otherness.
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Bartłomiej Krupa w swojej innowacyjnej pracy Opowiedzieć Zagładę. Polska proza i historiografia wobec Holocaustu (1987-2003) dokonuje wielopłaszczyznowego oglądu prac literackich i historycznych poświęconych dyskursowi o Zagładzie, który toczył się w prozie polskiej w latach wskazanych w tytule. Były to w kolejności: dyskurs uwznioślający żydowskie ofiary, pluralizujący postawy i zachowania świadków, dyskurs polskiej winy i polskiego wstydu oraz opozycyjny wobec niego dyskurs heroizujący. Czytanie tekstualne, pozwalając autorowi na wielostronny, często nowatorski ogląd przywołanych tekstów, stanowi jednocześnie zachętę dla współczesnego czytelnika do refleksji nad kwestiami Holocaustu, ideą tolerancyjnego współżycia narodów, zagadnieniami wielokulturowości i szacunku dla odrębności i inności.
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Szymborska o radości pisania

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2005
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vol. 07
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issue 1
EN
The text “Szymborska about the joy of writing” is an attempt to answer the question: “What is poetry for a contemporary poet?” But why only an attempt? one may ask. For this reason that Wisława Szymborska tries to avoid unambiguous answer herself and says that poetry is „a kind of cheerful confusion and troublesome complication, which should bother the followers of traditional divisions.” In her speech during the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony (07.12,1996) Szymborska pointed out that “contemporary poets are skeptical and suspicious even or rather first of all about themselves. They reluctantly declare to be a poets as if it was shame. In our common speech, when we don’t consider each single word, we all use expressions like «ordinary world», «ordinary life», «ordinary course of events» but in the language of poetry, where each single world is crucial, nothing is ordinary or common.”
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Różewicz w ogrodzie sztuk

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2006
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vol. 08
EN
The following article is the attempt to look on the literary output of this great contemporary poet in relation with great painting. Although the titles of his poems do not suggest the connection with painting as such, however, in the variety of his works the correspondence between the two arts can easily be seen. The influence on the artistic purpose enclosed in a word can be found in Dutch painting, paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, Bosch, Wojtkiewicz or Makowski. The aim of the article was not a deep analysis of the relationship between painting and poetry of Różewicz, but only to make a few problems come to light, which may further allow to rearrange this ample issue. I am fully aware of depriving his literary output of a wider theoretical context. 1 have also avoided the ideological interpretation of his works, hoping to return to the above problem in the nearest future.
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Tożsamość a współczesne media

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura
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2010
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issue 1
90-101
EN
In the article "Identity and the contemporary media" the author reflects on the subject of influence of new technologies on the contemporary man’s spiritual life. She discusses the issue of creation of an individual identity in the context determined by cultural anthropology, sociology and philosophy. The author asks about the possibilities and ways of identity creation in the conditions of fluidity, variability and instability of the world. Looking for elements which can be recognized as constant in the identity subject, she introduces constitutive features of a discursive (by A. Giddens) and deictic (by modifying Lacan’s theory) subject.
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Świat emocji nauczyciela polonisty

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Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
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2007
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vol. 044
EN
The teacher, who is aware of her/his role, attains competences for recognizing her/his states of flutters. She/he must control it, because it can include in the process of forming pupil’s opinions. The author of this article is trying to show importance of emotions in didactics.
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Rzeźba, architektura i muzyka w wybranych wierszach Zbigniewa Herberta

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Dworakowska-Marinow D., Gajak-Toczek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2008
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vol. 11
EN
The paper deals with inter-semiotic relation of texts written by Zbigniew Herbert (1924-1998), especially with a poetic form of „translating” non-literary art into a language of lyrics. The main observation field concerns inter-textual relations, an artistic style of translation and a style correspondence between arts: poetry, sculpture and music. There are some suggestions about the creative way of teaching Zbigniew Herbert in secondary school.
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