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Introduction. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is used as a non-invasive biomarker that reflects inflammation in the airways. It is so versatile that it used to control asthma severity as well as to monitor response to treatment. However, the exact cut-off point of the nitric oxide level which allows one to make a precise diagnosis of asthma is unclear. Aim. To examine the possibility of using advanced statistical methods such as receiver operating characteristic for the analysis of FeNO concentrations for improving the diagnosis of asthma. Materials and methods. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used for analyzing results to determine levels of nitric oxide which may be a prognostic indicator of asthma. The studied group consisted of 111 children including 69 asthmatic patients, and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide was conducted in all subjects included in this study. Results. FeNO level was higher in asthmatic patients. The analysis of results showed that the cut-off point for the FeNO concentration is 11.5 ppb. Sensitivity and specificity with the FeNO level allowed us to determine a value of the diagnostic variable of FeNO concentration of 14.0 ppb. A comparison of FeNO level and sex of the subjects showed there is no correlation between these parameters of patients. Conclusions. Currently, the FeNO measurement provides complementary d
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EN
Introduction. Glycation is a post-translational modification of proteins that depends on the non-enzymatic linkage of a ketone or aldehyde group of sugar with a free amino group of protein. Pathological effects of this process are observed in many disease states under conditions of hyperglycemia, in diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Aim. In this paper we present the characteristics of the glycation process, its consequences, as well as a review of current knowledge about the role of glycation in multiple sclerosis. Material and methods. The databases EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink were used to search the literature. Analysis of the literature. Intermediate glycation products form a number of derivatives that contribute to oxidative stress and structural changes in the proteins, including induction of aggregation or reduction of affinity for drug proteins. Glucose products may contribute to neurodegenerative changes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Determination of protein glycation products can be successfully used to evaluate the course of multiple sclerosis as a diagnostic marker.
EN
Introduction. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system which is caused by an infectious protein called prion. Multiple forms of CJD have been classified including sporadic (more than 90% cases), familial, iatrogenic and variant type of disease. CJD, especially in its early stages, is a highly challenging illness to diagnose. Aim. Article aims to present cases of Creutzfeldt-Jackob disease with early symptoms of rapidly progressing dementia at the initial stage of CJD. Description of the cases. This paper describes two cases of patients with suspected CJD with a history of rapidly progressive dementia admitted to the Department of Neurology, MSWiA Hospital in Rzeszów. Conclusion. Despite the fact that CJD is an incurable illness and there is no cure guaranteeing recovery, it is important to make the right diagnosis. Assay of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid is a sensitive and specific marker which is helpful in the diagnosis of CJD. The only relevant method of correctly confirming a diagnosis of this disease is by performing a brain biopsy.
EN
Introduction. Gestation is a very sensitive time both to mother and child. Any substance, factor, or environmental condition disturbing homeostasis may cause congenital defects, anomalies or even death. Teratology evaluates those potential factors and their influence. Also, medicinal products used during pregnancy may be teratogenic. Adriblastin, also known as Doxorubicin, and Bleomycin are widely used cytostatic drugs in oncology. Aim. Aim of this study was to evaluate the embryotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Bleomycin in an animal model. Materials and methods. Fertilised Wistar rat females were given each drug intraperitoneally between the 8th and 15th gestation day, and compared to control group receiving placebo (distilled water, 0.9% NaCl). Another group received acetyl salicylic acid, as a model, well known teratogen. Changes in mothers’ weight from baseline, implantation of embryos, any discrepancies in mothers wombs and health as well as defects in fetuses were evaluated and compared. Fetus skeletons were stained by Dowson’s method to visualise bone defects. Results and conclusion. Both Adriblastin and Bleomycin were teratogenic, producing significantly more embryo absorptions, and fetal defects compared to placebo. The effects of the two cytostatics were similar to the model teratogen acetyl salicylic acid.
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