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PL
Zasadniczym celem opracowania jest przedstawienie wyników przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych, zmierzających do oceny stopnia spełniania kapitałowo-własnościowych warunków tworzenia spółek pracowniczych, z uwzględnieniem wykorzystania przez nie możliwości odstąpienia od konieczności spełnienia tych warunków. Badania empiryczne nad kapitałowo-własnościowymi warunkami tworzenia spółek pracowniczych zostały przeprowadzone wśród podmiotów z województwa mazowieckiego, które zawarły umowy o oddanie przedsiębiorstwa państwowego do odpłatnego korzystania w latach 2000–2004 i w niezmienionej formie kontynuowały działalność gospodarczą do końca 2011 roku. Analiza stopnia spełnienia kapitałowo-własnościowych warunków przez spółki utworzone dla przejęcia w odpłatne użytkowanie przedsiębiorstw państwowych została dokonana na dzień ich rejestracji w Rejestrze Przedsiębiorców, opierając się na dokumentacji Ministerstwa Skarbu Państwa. Przeprowadzone badania empiryczne pokazują, że choć spółki pracownicze spełniały kapitałowo-własnościowe warunki umożliwiające im przejęcie przedsiębiorstwa państwowego w odpłatne korzystanie, to stopień w jakim połowa z nich przekraczała ustawowo określone wielkości minimalne dla wartości kapitału zakładowego i wielkości udziału w nim inwestorów zewnętrznych był nieznaczny. Co więcej, warto podkreślić, iż korzystanie przez badane spółki pracownicze z możliwości odstąpienia od konieczności spełnienia kapitałowo-własnościowych warunków ich tworzenia odbywało się na niewielką skalę.
EN
The essential aim of this paper is to present results of conducted research, leading to the degree assessment of meeting capital-ownership forming conditions of employee-owned companies, including usage by them of the abandonment possibility from the need to fulfill of these requirements. Empirical studies on capital-ownership forming conditions of employee-owned companies were carried out among entities from the Mazovian province which entered into the giving a state-owned enterprise to be used for a consideration agreement over the period 2000–2004 and continued business activities in the unchanged form to the end of 2011. The degree analysis of capital-ownership conditions fulfillment by companies formed for taking over state-owned enterprises into usage for a consideration was made per day of their registration in the Register of Entrepreneurs, based on documentation of the Ministry of Treasury. Conducted research shows, that although employee-owned companies meet capitalownership conditions letting them take over a state-owned enterprise into usage for a consideration, the degree in which the half of them exceeded the specified by law minima for the value of share capital and the size of the outside investors participation in it was little. Additionally, it is worthwhile emphasizing, that usage by examined employee-owned companies the abandonment possibility from the need to fulfill of their capital-ownership forming conditions took place on the small scale.
EN
This article should be treated as the contribution to take up the discussion about the choice of return on equity. In accordance with the subject literature, return on equity is the ratio of net profit to equity capital. The calculation of return on equity based on the growth of retained profits seems to in more adequate to reality way point at the possibility of achieving higher benefits by stockholders in the future. The essential aim of this article is to present several scholarly reflections resulting from the analysis of return on equity with the use of two it’s measures i. e. profitability estimated by the net profit and the growth of retained profits. The realization of the appointed goal has been done with taking advantage of data from financial statements of KGHM company in the years 2007–2011, drown up by International Financial Reporting Standards/ International Accounting Standards.
EN
The essential goal of this article is to reveal the size and nature of employee ownership taking place in the largest European enterprises and banks. The major hypothesis affirms that in most of the studied companies and banks there has occurred the stable and not high enough share of employee ownership in capitalization of these entities. The empirical verification of this hypothesis has been done on the basis of data published by The European Federation of Employee Share Ownership in the years 2006–2009.
EN
The article shows possibilities of creating of employee-owned companies in the privatization process of Polish state-owned enterprises in meaning of the Act of August 30 th , 1996 on commercialisation and privatization. The main goal of the article is to point at paths and methods of privatization, which realization may lead to rise of employee–owned company. Therefore, the article shows employees’ participation in the privatization process of Polish state–owned enterprises.
PL
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie i scharakteryzowanie zobowiązań socjalnych spółek pracowniczych wynikających z umowy o oddanie przedsiębiorstwa państwowego do odpłatnego korzystania. Badania empiryczne zostały przeprowadzone wśród spółek pracowniczych z województwa mazowieckiego, które zawarły umowę ze Skarbem Państwa w latach 2000-2005. Zebrane i przetworzone dane liczbowe pochodzą z Ministerstwa Skarbu Państwa i Krajowego Rejestru Sądowego. W opracowaniu przedstawiono rezultaty analizy porównawczej zobowiązań socjalnych z pozostałymi typami zobowiązań spółek pracowniczych. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych stwierdzono, iż wynagrodzenia odzwierciedlające dotrzymanie gwarancji zatrudnienia stanowiły w porównaniu z zobowiązaniami finansowymi wobec Skarbu Państwa w zakresie rat kapitałowych i zobowiązaniami inwestycyjnymi znaczące zobowiązanie spółek pracowniczych.
EN
The main aim of this article is to identify and characterize social commitments of employee-owned companies under the agreement about giving the state-owned enterprise for the use against payment. Empirical studies were conducted among employee- owned companies from Mazowieckie Voivodeship, which concluded an agreement with the State Treasury in the years 2000-2005. Collected and processed figures come from the Ministry of Treasury and the National Court Register. The comparative analysis of social commitments with other types of obligations of the employee-owned companies was presented in this paper. As a result of empirical research it was found that salaries reflecting adherence employment guarantees were the significant commitment of employee-owned companies compared with financial liabilities to the State Treasury in terms of principal instalments and investment obligations.
EN
Postal services market in Poland has been liberalising for several years. It manifests itself through reduction of reserved area (market which is reserved for the public postal operator) and through increasing of the number of private postal operators. But these changes didn't have a major impact on the transformation of the Polish postal market. This market is regulated by a government appointed body and position of public postal operator – Poczta Polska SA – is protected by law. According to the European Directive opening up the postal market to the competition, by 1 January 2011 Poland must implement new Postal Law. New law will change, among other things, organizational and financial conditions of business activity of Poczta Polska SA. Taking into consideration the fact that the current financial standing of the Polish public postal operator is difficult, it should be underlined that Poczta Polska SA will be forced to take radical restructuring action. The main purpose of this article is to recognize the situation in the postal services market in Poland in the context of its full liberalisation and opening to the competition. The partial goals of this article are as follows: – to give an overview of the postal services market in Poland, – to show prospects of changes of this market in the face of EU Directives implementation, – to present the situation and purpose of Poczta Polska SA in the context of full liberalisation of the postal services market.
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