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PL
W artykule zaprezentowano podręcznik, który może być wykorzystany na zajęciach z geografii Rosji, realioznawstwa, lingworealioznawstwa oraz praktycznego nauczania języka rosyjskiego. Bazą tekstową i treściową podręcznika stał się cykl filmów animowanych Multirussia, prezentujących w ciągu jednej minuty jedną jednostkę administracyjną Rosyjskiej Federacji. Dobór treści został dokonany przez użytkowników języka rosyjskiego. W artykule wyodrębniono elementy kultury rozumiane jako wartości, rezultaty ludzkiej działalności i opis instytucji kultury.
EN
The article presents a handbook which may be used to teach about Russian geography, everyday reality, liguocultural studies, as well as practical language skills. The content of the handbook is based on animated films from the Multirussia series, each presenting one administrative unit of the Russian Federation in the time of one minute. The choice of content elements was made by the native speakers of Russian. The article focuses on the elements of culture understood as values, results of human activity and descriptions of cultural institutions.
EN
Taronyms in linguistic humour in Dorota Masłowska’s Snow white and Russian red and their translation into RussianErroneous mixing of linguistic units is one of the most common departures from the norm in novels. This linguistic device has two functions: 1) it presents the characters in the novel, 2) it constitutes a great source of puns and linguistic humour. Such misused words are known as taronyms. This paper presents their use in Dorota Masłowska’s Snow white and Russian red (Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną) with reference to adverbs. The taronyms were identified among paronyms, synonyms, antonyms and adverbs from the same thematic group. Next, it was analyzed if and how this taronymy was reflected in the Russian translation of the presented novel. Taronimy w komizmie językowym w Wojnie polsko-ruskiej pod flagą biało-czerwoną Doroty Masłowskiej i ich przekład na język rosyjskiJednym z powszechnie stosowanych odstępstw od normy w powieści jest mylne użycie wyrazów. Ten zabieg pełni dwie funkcje: 1) jest charakterystyką bohaterów, 2) jest świetnym źródłem gier słownych i środkiem tworzenia komizmu językowego. Wyrazy mylone to taronimy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostało użycie taronimów w Wojnie polsko-ruskiej w obrębie przysłówków. Wyodrębniono stosunki taronimiczne wśród paronimów, synonimów, antonimów i przysłówków z tej samej grupy tematycznej. Następnie przeanalizowano, czy i jak zjawisko taronimii jest odzwierciedlone w tłumaczeniu powieści na język rosyjski.
EN
The article presents tourist values of one group of places in the city scenery: the tenement yards. They are compiled and classified according to different aspects (cognitive, aesthetic and developmental functions). The potential attractiveness of such places is shown in the results of the analysis of the tenement yards tourist perception. The analysis was drawn from the data of empirical research in the representative historical street of Łódź – Piotrkowska Street.
PL
Linguistic awareness has been one of the research interests in both cognitive and cultural linguistics in recent years. Images of linguistic signs which originate as part of the linguistic awareness of representatives of various cultures and languages can differ considerably. There are many ways of distinguishing these differences, including semantic analysis and analysis of the connotations related to a given word. This article presents how the term holiday functions in the linguistic awareness of Poles and Russians.
PL
Dorota Masłowska’s Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną employs various types of linguistic innovations. One of them is a mistaken selection of the number of nouns. This stylistic means results in linguistic humour. In the Russian translation of the novel reflecting this phenomenon should not pose any problems. However, neither of the instances of the stylistic means analysed in the paper was reflected in the Russian target text. It is difficult to determine why the translator did not attempt to show Russian readers a reconstruction of the language of the Polish text. As a result, Irina Lappo’s translation lacks the poetic qualities and refreshing touches of Masłowska’s language.
EN
The article analyses adjectives excerpted from a dictionary entitled Senses, Emotions and Adjectives of the Russian Language and evaluated by respondents as causing very unpleasant emotions (marked in the dictionary with three minuses). An attempt was made to delineate the emotive component of their meaning on the basis of data from dictionaries providing explanations, as well as those presenting associations, accompanied by contexts of their usage traced in the corpus. The data contributing to the analysis can be employed in order to reconstruct emotional images of the world and national cultural specificity of expressing emotions. Additionally, they can be used to scrutinize and shape emotional competence, while the methodology of delineating the emotive component of meaning with the use of affective expression and their associations can be employed in further research into emotive lexical items.
EN
A new type of dictionary – a psychological linguistic dictionary was compiled as a result of analyzing 15918 Russian adjectives from the perspective of their relationship with emotions originating in reference to various senses. The dictionary contains information on “the emotional load” of these adjectives, that is how pleasant or how unpleasant emotions a given adjective evokes. The analyzed lexemes were assessed by respondents on the scale of emotions: slightly (un)pleasant – moderately (un)pleasant – very (un)pleasant, which was marked with an appropriate number of pluses or minuses. Although it is believed that representatives of different cultures experience universal emotions, their quality and intensity hidden behind particular linguistic units can diverge for different cultural linguistic communities. Emotions are conditioned socially, culturally and historically; they play an important role in international communication. Thus, when they are incompetently and mistakenly interpreted, this can disturb dialogue between various cultures and even lead to conflicts. In the article, considering equivalents mięsny/мясной and other counterparts, it can be said that not all the examples have a parallel emotional value. Despite the genealogical relationship between the languages and cultures in question, emotive contrasts are not rare. This leads to considering a significant issue of emotive adequacy of dictionary equivalents, which has to be addressed by translators and language teachers.
PL
O MIEJSCU I CZASIE WYDANIA KSIĄG LITURGICZNYCH STAROOBRZĘDOWEGO KLASZTORU W WOJNOWIE - SYSTEM SYGNATUR I FOLIACJI Streszczenie Po śmierci ostatnich mniszek ze staroobrzędowego klasztoru w Wojnowie pojawiła się możliwość zbadania pozostałych tam utensyliów. Na szczególną uwagę zasługują księgi, które są systematycznie fotografowane i badane przez wykładowców Uniwersytetu War-mińsko-Mazurskiego. W artykule podjęto próbę określenia miejsca i przybliżonego czasu wydania czterech ksiąg. Na podstawie fałszywego sposobu podawania miejsca wydania oraz ornamentów użytych do ozdobienia księgi autorka określiła, że książki powstały w nielegalnej drukarni Grebniewa w Dziergaczach, prawdopodobnie w latach 1900–1905. W artykule scharakteryzowano inną cechę pozwalającą identyfi kować tę drukarnię - sposób numeracji arkuszy oraz kart w księgach. THE TIME AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION OLD BELIEVERS’ VOLUMES FROM WOJNOWO. THE SYSTEM OF SIGNATURES AND FOLIOING Summary When the last nuns from the Old Believers’ monastery in Wojnowo (Eckerdorf) died, there appeared an opportunity to inspect the objects remaining there. Particular attention should be paid to volumes, which are systematically photographed and analyzed by the lecturers from the University of Warmia and Mazury. This article constitutes an attempt to defi ne the place and approximate time of publication 4 volumes. On the basis of the false way of establishing the place of publication and the ornaments used to decorate the volume, the author established that the volume was published in the illegal Grebnev’s printing house in Dziergacze (Dergachi), probably between 1900 and 1905. The article characterizes also another feature identifying this printing house, namely the way of numbering folios and leaves in volumes.
EN
The article presents the issue of non-verbal communication from the perspective of translation and teaching a foreign language. The research is based on an experiment conducted among Russian students at the University of Warmia and Mazury, whose task it was to analyze data from Krystyna Jarząbek’s Dictionary of the Body Language of Polish People, from which about 30 unknown or unintelligible units of non-verbal communication were selected. The data show that body language, including gestures, is culture-rooted, and confirm that non-verbal means play a significant role in communication. This is why the author of the article believes it to be justified to introduce elements of non-verbal communication into teaching foreign languages and to compile bilingual dictionaries of body language.
PL
Zoja Jaroszewicz-Pieresławcew, Helena Pociechina, Joanna Orzechowska prz.ru@op.pl   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Olsztyn, Poland STEGANOGRAFIA W STAROOBRZĘDOWYCH KSIĘGACH Z KOLEKCJI KLASZTORU W WOJNOWIE Streszczenie Działalność wydawnicza staroobrzędowców poza krótkimi okresami „swobód obywatelskich” w historii Rosji była nielegalna i przebiegała w warunkach konspiracji. Ujawnienie adresu staroobrzędowej drukarni kończyło się aresztowaniem jej właściciela i pracowników oraz konfiskatą sprzętu i gotowej produkcji. Dlatego w metryczkach drukowanych książek najczęściej pomijano informację o miejscu prowadzenia działalności wydawniczej lub zamieszczano fałszywe dane. W artykule autorki zwracają uwagę na jeszcze jeden sposób szyfrowania - steganografię, czyli takie umieszczenie danych, by osoby postronne nie domyślały się istnienia ukrytej informacji. W kolekcji ksiąg z klasztoru w Wojnowie odnaleziono trzy przypadki zastosowania steganografii. W miejscu przeznaczonym do zapisu kolejnych numerów kart (na dolnym marginesie) lub na marginesie grzbietowym umieszczono pojedyncze litery lub grupy tworzące zapis, informujące o nazwie, miejscu lub właścicielu staroobrzędowej drukarni. STEGANOGRAPHY IN THE OLD BELIEVERS’ VOLUMES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE MONASTERY IN WOJNOWO Summary In the history of Russia the printing activity of Old Believers, apart from brief periods of ‘civic freedoms’, was illegal and undertaken under cover. Revealing the address of Old Believers printing house resulted in arresting its owner and employees as well as confiscating equipment and the already printed volumes. Thus, the information about the place of publi-cation was missing from the colophons or false data were given. In their article, the authors focus especially on different way of encoding messages, i.e. steganography, which consists in such a way of providing information that only the person who is supposed to decipher it will actually do it. In the collection of volumes from Wojnowo three cases of steganography have been identified. Single letters or groups of letters constituting an inscription informing about the name of the Old Believers’ printing house, its place or owner, were placed on the bottom or backbone margins of volumes, where page numbers should have been put.
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