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Nauczanie konserwacji zabytków architektury i urbanistyki na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Krakowskiej w latach 1945-1970

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Frazik J. T.

Ochrona Zabytków

1971

issue 2

126-137

The teaching of conservation of architectural and town-planning monuments at the Faculty of Architecture, Technical University, Cracow during its newest twenty-five-year history is closely linked with the history of the Technical University itself the activities of which were sta rted in conspiracy still in the course of the Wprld War II and have led to its inauguration on December 1, '1945. This effective and rapid calling into being of an a r chitectural faculty in Cracow was possible owing to the fact th a t a large group of architects being at the same time scientific workers has c.ome then to this town from ruined Warsaw and Lwow, nonetheless to the two outstanding conservators, Professor Dr. A. Szyszko-Bohusz and B. Treter, who both lived at th a t time in Cracow. Little wonder then, that already in the firs t curriculum of the Faculty the problems of conservation have found their important place. The need of their possibly broad inclusion was justified by the immense war losses suffered by the individual objects and whole ancient settings throughout Poland and the favouring spiritual climate of Cracow, a town full of fortunately surviving cultural monuments, and not at least by the fact th a t an excellent staff of professors and their assistants gave every guarantee th a t the programme set up for te a ching of conservation will be realized properly. Within the first curriculum for teaching architectural students for ’’historical” subjects up to present day immediately or indirectly involved in the teaching of conservation of architectural and town-planning monuments was devoted 18.8 per cent of a total time designed for the course of architectural studies. As soon ais in 1948 this curriculum had to be changed. It was still subjected to two other modifications, namely for the first time in 1953 and then in 1964. Each of the above modifications led to reduction of time reserved for the subjects under discussipn. So, for example, within the curriculum applied in 1945— 1949 their share in a total time amounted to 18.8 per cent, in 1948—11956 to 11.7 per cent (together for the ’’engineers’ ” and ’’masters’ ” course), while in 195®— 1964 to 10.0 per cent, and from 1964 onwards only tp 9.7 per cent. All the three modifications were adapted not only to general requirements and economic situation in this country; their occurrence r e presented a result of personal changes within the staff of professors, namely the death pf A. Szyszko- -Bohusz in 1948, of T. Tołwiński in 1951, th a t of W. Dalbor in 1954 and G. Ciołek in 11966. In 1954 was released from his duties A. M. Karczewski and in 1967 retired docent Z. Novàk. Both the alterations in curricula and those personal within the teaching staff have usually resulted in structural re-organizations of the Faculty leading to integrations or liquidation of separate chairs or divisions, or, according to actual needs the new were called into being. All the above permanently changing factors eo ipso determined the scope of knowledge about conservation which could be acquired by architectural students. To say exactly, it must be stated th a t the largest scope of knowledge concerning the protection and conservation of architectural monuments was mastered by all students of the Cracow Technical University until 195-2. Later on, in view р-f the afore- mentioned alterations in curricula this scope was considerably reduced. It was the period of 1953—1963 in which, owing to the activities developed by the late Professor G. Ciołek, it was possible to convey an abundant material regarding the conservation of gardens and the years 1963—1967 th a t with regard to natura l and artificially created green spaces. In this field great merits are to be ascribed to docent Z. Novàk. Problems pf conservation of urban complexes always aroused a lively interest among the students, however, unfortunately enough, they were presented to them :,n aspects changing at certain intervals. The curriculum recently in force at the Faculty assumes as its basis a general training with no clear preference as to specialisation whatsoever in the field pf architecture or town-planning. Thus, the p reparing of highly skilled conservators of architectural and ancient town-planning monuments was made possible within the specialised post-graduation courses.

Kafle z zamku w Dubiecku : z problematyki badawczej i konserwatorskiej zabytkowego założenia pałacowo-parkowego w Dubiecku

100%

Frazik J. T.

Ochrona Zabytków

1970

issue 4

294-302

The Neo-classical palace in Dubiecko, in course of the later reconstructions greatly deprived of its original style features, for good many years did not awake interests of conservators and art historians neither. It was mainly known as the birth-place of Ignatius Krasicki, Polish poet of the second half of the 18th century. Owing to on-the- spot researches carried out in 1965— 1966 built into the walls and within the porch area a considerable both as to their number and size quantity of the above-ground level walls have been discovered and also a series of earth-swamped cellars and foundations going back to the Renaissance time. Using technological method the author was able to select in this object several architectural stages of which most interesting are the two oldest ones. As the first should be named here the early Renaissance stage of castellum erected in the mid-century by Stanislaus Matthew Stadnicki. It has been built on a square plan with a courtyard within it. During the second stage, on the turn of the 16th century, s e veral construction works were carried out by Stanislaus and George Krasicki. It was the time when the following were built: so called treasury, courtyard cloisters and those adjacent to the castle, while in the park an ample mansion of bricks, so called „Krasiczynek”, playing the part of a garden belvedere. In connection with the above-mentioned two stages remain the tiles which have been found in form of several hundreds of fragments varying considerably as to their sizes. Of particular interest are the tiles discovered under the treasury flooring. With few exceptions they form a coherent set of samples with regard to their forms, style and technology of make. The set consists mostly of enormously large, perfectly proportioned and scarcely decorated tiles which at the same time exhibit high precision of their make and are, as a rule, totally deprived of glazing; instead they show some barely perceptible traces of lime engobe and vermillion paint grounding. In general they come from the mid-sixteenth century and seem to be once components of an early Renaissance stove which presumably was not free of the late Gothic reminiscences in its styling. From the fragments on hand it is possible to assume that the stove was composed of at least two fire-boxes the lower of whom was adorned with coat-of-arms escutcheons while the sto v e ’s top trimmed with two coronets. Both the sizes of fully set together tiles and the number of pieces with considerable decrements provide the evidence that the stove must have been rather big one as to its size. In a coherent set of tiles coming from the above-mentioned stove quite a small group of fragments might be isolated dating as far back as to the second half of the 16th century; they are coated with green-coloured glazing, some of them with no glazing at all, and decorated with a central motive of rosette. In addition, a group of multi-colour tiles from the turn of the 16th century was found having continuous decorative motives. From among the tiles dug out of the debris swamping the damaged cellars of that what once was the south wing of the castle deserve special attention fragments of a late-Gothic, probably 16th century tile ornated with the open-work tracery front wall glazed in green. The 1965 and 1966 examinations are to be handled as preliminaries to a series of intended large-scale researches. It is expected that their full realization should, apart from discovering of unknown architectural fragments, result in finding of further, by no means less valuable tiles. Those found and properly preserved should be exposed in a biographical museum whose three rooms are entirely devoted to the memory of Ignatius Krasicki. This museum has been called into being as the branch of the existing Przemyśl Regional Museum which was organized with a considerable support given by the Hardboard Factory, Przemyśl who are using the palace together with the surrounding monumental park as a recreational centre for their workers.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 1971

1 1970

2 Frazik J. T.

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Nauczanie konserwacji zabytków architektury i urbanistyki na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Krakowskiej w latach 1945-1970

Kafle z zamku w Dubiecku : z problematyki badawczej i konserwatorskiej zabytkowego założenia pałacowo-parkowego w Dubiecku