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1
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Zarys rozwoju turystyki w regionie łódzkim

100%
Włodarczyk B.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
|
2019
|
vol. 109
145-161
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano najistotniejsze aspekty rozwoju turystyki w regionie łódzkim na tle najważniejszych okresów w rozwoju tego zjawiska w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę skupiono na ostatnich stu latach, w ciągu których w podziale administracyjnym kraju funkcjonowała jednostka o nazwie „województwo łódzkie”. Dokonano także periodyzacji rozwoju zjawiska i scharakteryzowano wyróżnione okresy, wskazując na ich znamienne cechy.
EN
The article presents the most important aspects of tourism development in the Łódź region against the background of the most important periods in the development of this phenomenon in Poland. Particular attention has been focused on the last one hundred years, during which the Łódź Voivodeship has existed within the administrative division of the country. The development of the phenomenon was also periodised, and the distinguished periods were characterised, indicating their cha-racteristic features.
2
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PKO Bank Polski as an institution of systemic importance for the development of the Polish economy

100%
Włodarczyk B.
Nauki o Finansach
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2014
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issue 4(21)
62-80
EN
PKO Bank Polski is the biggest bank in the banking sector in Poland. It owns the major part of Polish banking capital. It dominates in financing households and enterprises of all sectors and participates in the biggest infrastructural projects. The condition and activity of PKO BP greatly influences the national economy, and therefore the economic growth. It is an important institution connected to the financial security of the real and financial spheres in Poland. The comparative analysis of the activity of PKO BP compared to its competitors showed the bank’s stable position but also the necessity of changes in order to keep the correct parameters of activity and its position as a leader in the Polish banking market.
3
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Zmienność cen na globalnym rynku surowców a ryzyko banku

100%
Włodarczyk B.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2017
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issue 1/2017 (66), t.2
107 – 124
PL
W dotychczasowych badaniach zmienności na rynkach towarowych brano pod uwagę dynamikę zmienności cen wybranych towarów lub analizowano przenoszenie się w czasie zmienności z jednych towarów na inne. W tym celu wykorzystywano standardowe modele zmienności. Obecnie w ramach przeprowadzanych badań gromadzi się różnorodne charakterystyki zmienności towarów i ich grup w celu skompletowania metodycznego zestawu narzędzi o większej precyzji prognostycznej. Niestabilność cen na rynkach surowców istotnie wpływa na efektywność sfery realnej gospodarki. Surowce nie tylko są wykorzystane w przemyśle, ale też cieszą się dużym zainteresowaniem inwestorów w okresach dekoniunktury gospodarczej, będąc przedmiotem spekulacji. Można zatem stwierdzić, że oddziaływanie zmienności cen surowców na ryzyko banku opiera się na mechanizmie bezpośrednim (poprzez ryzyko rynkowe) i pośrednim (poprzez ryzyko kredytowe). W artykule zaprezentowano oba ujęcia, przy czym ryzyko rynkowe zostało metodycznie uwypuklone. Odpowiednie wyselekcjonowanie narzędzi prognozowania oraz zastosowanie właściwych instrumentów zabezpieczających to elementy skutecznej polityki zabezpieczeń ryzyka, które kształtują zarówno ryzyko rynkowe (oddziaływanie bezpośrednie), jak i ryzyko kredytowe banków (ujęcie pośrednie).
EN
Price volatility in raw material markets significantly affects the efficiency of real economy. Raw materials are not only used in the industry but are also very popular in periods of economic downturn. An appropriate prognosis of price volatility in these markets and their adequate security ensured by means of financial instruments can be a basis for avoiding many financial perturbations of enterprises, and consequently of financial institutions. Financial institutions, including banks, are exposed to credit and market risk, through the absorption of a part of market risk in a direct (investments in raw materials, transaction services) and indirect way (providing credit to entities in commodity markets). Selection of these prognosis tools as well as appropriate instruments securing prices, hence hedging the risk from the financial market, are elements of the risk hedging policy in the real sphere, which has an effect on the credit risk and investment. The aim of the article is the bank’s risk assessment in the context of price volatility in commodity markets. At the same time, the research problem was raised that refers to the way in which the variability of prices and rates of return in the commodity market is reflected in the level of the bank’s risk. An analysis of the asymmetry effect and long memory in the modelling and prognosis of conditional volatility and market risk on the commodity market was conducted in the article, taking petroleum as an example. GARCH and FIAPARCH models were used for that purpose. The analysis of the in-sample and out-of-sample prognosis showed that the variation of rates of return for oil is better described by a non-linear model of the variation using a long memory and asymmetry effect.
4
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The impact of the financial sector on economic growth

63%
Włodarczyk B., Szturo M.
FINANSE Czasopismo Komitetu Nauk o Finansach PAN
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2018
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issue 1(11)
9-25
EN
The approach of a unilateral impact of the financial sector on economic growth was invalidated by the last financial crisis which very quickly changed into a global economic crisis. The aim of the study is the analysis of the impact of the financial sector on economic growth in the context of the growing phenomenon of financialization, which was one of the significant reasons of the financial crisis. The study was focused on presenting the growing scale of this phenomenon and analysing the impact of money supply in USD and EUR on world GDP and the GDP of the USA and the Eurozone. The following hypothesis was postulated: the growing process of financialization causes the growth of the USD and EUR supply, influencing changes in the world GDP, the GDP of the USA and the Eurozone. The study confirmed the hypothesis of the relation of the money supply with changes in economic growth. However, influencing economic growth with the money supply causes the purchasing power of business entities to decrease and causes growing debt. Furthermore, it does not contribute to the strength of the real economy. A repair of the current “system“ should not be sought for in constantly increasing macroprudential regulations, but in a return to a country’s interventionism, leading to a change in the priorities of the actions of financial institutions; mainly banks, and the supply of money based on fixed parities (gold, energy).
5
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Identification and Monitoring of Instability in Financial Systems

63%
Włodarczyk B., Szturo M.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
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2016
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vol. 11
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issue 2
177-188
EN
Financial instability is often the result of a positive feedback loop, which is an inseparable element of the functioning of the financial system. The task dealing with identification, modeling and analyzing the causes and effects of such feedback loops requires assuming a systems’ engineering perspective, which is rarely taken into consideration when designing remedial solutions. The aim of the study was to evaluate how it ispossible to identify and monitor the susceptibility of a financial system to potential threats. The popular method of data modeling known as signed directed graphs (SDG) was used. The method is able to pick up information which is not taken into account by a traditional network model of the financial system. It provides essential information about the direction of impact and control between the nodes. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to analyze the potential instability spots of the system.
6
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The Factoring Market in Poland and the European Union

63%
Włodarczyk B., Ostrowska A.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
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2017
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vol. 12
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issue 3
307-319
EN
The service of factoring, thanks to the constant financing of receivables, prevents the creation of payment backlogs enabling the regulation of liabilities on time and, as a result, improves the financial liquidity of economic entities. It is thanks to the reasons mentioned above that the use of the service of factoring is bigger in Poland than in other countries of the EU. The aim of this article is an analysis of the factoring services in Poland with regards to the EU. Taking into consideration the meaning of factoring for the enterprise sector and the banking sector which finances it, an analysis and evaluation of the Polish factoring services market was made on the bases of factoring service profiles provided by clients and entities.Together with the dynamics of the development of companies and the range of the factoring services provided, the number of business entities choosing this service as an alternative to a revolving loan is growing. In the Polish market, the increase is not correlated with the size of a given region’s economy, but the number of enterprise entities.
7
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The rationalization for bank branches: Italy vs. Poland

63%
Włodarczyk B., Burchi A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2017
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issue 482
272-294
EN
Banks have undergone an extensive expansion process in their distribution network. Today, Italy is considered an over-branched country. In Poland on the other hand, we have seen the development of a banking network in a period of economic transformation. All operators have been forced to begin a process of rationalization in their distribution networks. Poland vs. Italy may be a good example of a comparison of the changes taking place in the area of the optimization of the distribution networks of the mature banking market in Italy with the constantly growing banking market in Poland. The aim of this work was to observe on-going processes and to analyse it. On the one hand, there was a focus on the evolutionary point of view causing changes in the optimization network.On the other hand, attention was paid to the identification of the determinants affecting the percentage of persons holding a bank account in Poland, Italy, and in 27 countries of the European Union.
8
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Produkt turystyczny - miejsce

63%
Stasiak A., Włodarczyk B., Andrzej Stasiak - Wyższa Szkoła Turystyki i Hotelarstwa w Łodzi, Bogdan Włodarczyk - Uniwersytet Łódzki K. G. M. i. T.
Turyzm
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2003
|
vol. 13/1
EN
Among numerous territorial products one can name the tourist product. The authors attempt to describe it, pointing out its lack of unity as a concept compared to the tourist product-place which functions in accordance with a certain higher order idea. The geographic determination of this type of product enabled the authors to try and describe the spatial relation between the tourist product-place and the tourist region.
PL
Wśród różnych produktów terytorialnych wyróżnić można także produkt turystyczny. Autorzy próbują scharakteryzować ten produkt wskazując na jego małą spójność w odróżnieniu od produktu turystycznego-miejsce, którego funkcjonowanie wymaga pewnej nadrzędnej idei. Determinacja geograficzna (w ujęciu przestrzennym) tego typu produktów pozwoliła także na podjęcie próby scharakteryzowania relacji między produktem turystycznym-miejsce a regionem turystycznym.
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