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Wsparcie produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych w ustawodawstwie krajowym na przykładzie prawa włoskiego

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Kapała A.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2016
|
vol. 14
341-354
EN
The aim of the paper is to present how the Italian legislature supports the promotion and sale of broadly understood regional and traditional products, including the products covered by EU quality system. It analyses rules for the implementation in some regional Rural Development Programs measure under art. 16 of EU Regulation 1305/2013 and the national and regional regulations concerning various forms of promotion and sale of products. Italian solutions to promote quality products, are focused on improving their commercialization in local markets in the short supply chain. These are the rules for the creation of farmers’ markets; destination of specific area in the municipal agricultural markets for local products; administration of regional products in agritourism; provisions enabling farmers to combine their agricultural and food products in the processing and direct sales, as well as providing a very broad catalog forms of union, both on the supply side (with respect to the participants in the production chain) as well as on the demand side, by creating the so-called folk purchasing groups.
2
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Przeciwdziałanie nieuczciwym praktykom rynkowym w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w prawie włoskim

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Kapała A.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2017
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issue 2 (21)
133-143
EN
The aim of the article is to familiarise Polish readers with the Italian regulations on counteracting unfair commercial practices in the food supply chain. Currently this issue is addressed by thhe Italian Law No 27/2012, which has been subject of doctrinal criticism, legislative changes and judicial decisions. There are still several issues that raise questions of interpretation, including the scope of its subject-matter or failure to comply with the written form which invalidates the contract and whether, in order to classify the practices as unlawful, it is necessary to determine the conditions of a “significant trade imbalance” and a “deliberate abuse” of a dominant position by a stronger party to the contractual relationship.
IT
L’articolo si propone di presentare al pubblico polacco la regolazione italiana riguardante le misure volte a combattere le pratiche commerciali sleali nella filiera agroalimentare. La problematica in oggetto è stata affrontata nella legge n. 27/2012, la quale è stata oggetto di critiche dottrinali, modifiche legislative e pronunce giurisprudenziali. Alcune questioni tuttora continuano a suscitare dubbi interpretativi, tra i quali il problema di ambito di applicazione, un dubbio se la mancanza della forma scritta dei contratti ne determini la nullità, e se per considerare le pratiche illegali, debbano presentarsi presupposti di “forte squilibrio commerciale” e di “abuso volontario” della posizione dominante da parte del contraente più forte nel rapporto contrattuale.
3
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Prawne uwarunkowania wsparcia krótkich łańcuchów dostaw żywności w PROW 2014-2020

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Kapała A.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2015
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vol. 13
151-164
EN
The aim of the paper is to present forms of shortening the food chain, which are being supported in the Rural Development Program 2014-2020 and to determine whether the legal conditions to obtain the financial support are consistent with the legislation, especially with the amended regulations on direct sales. Four actions („Help to start a business for the development of small farms”, „Support for investment in agricultural holdings”, „Support for investments in processing and marketing,” „Help in start-up investments for young farmers”) are intended for farmers for investments related to agricultural processing and preparation for the sale, without the obligation to register a business, fitting into the content of the amended Art. 3 of Law on Freedom of Economic Activity. „Creating groups and producers’ organizations”, „Cooperation”, „Leader”, are aimed at integrating stakeholders in the food chain, strengthen the position of the agricultural producer in the food chain and contribute to building a local food system. On this basis there is a chance that the short chains and local food production will become more significant in the food system in Poland.
4
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Protection measures for protected designation of origin, protected geographical indications and traditional specialities guaranteed under Polish law

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Kapała A.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2016
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issue 1 (18)
109-122
EN
The aim of the paper is to answer whether Polish law properly implements the obligations set out in Regulations (EU) No 1151/2012 and 882/2004 (EC) to provide for appropriate protection measures for the quality systems (i.e. protected denomination of origin (PDO), protected geographical indications (PGI) and traditional specialities guaranteed (TSG)). It analyses the measures of protection available under Polish laws, including the provisions on the control of products marked as PDO, PGI or TSG, competent control bodies, and the administrative and criminal penalties and the civil law instruments to be used in the event of a breach of the registered designations. Following the recommendations of Regulation (EU) 1151/2012 there is a system of two types of official control in Poland: at the request of the producer (exercised by the State authorities through voivodeship inspectors of commercial quality of agri-food products and authorised private certifi-cation bodies), and an ex officio control (carried out by the Inspection of Commercial Quality of Agri-Food Products).
IT
L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda se la legge polacca implementi correttamente l’obbligo dell’Ue (definito nel regolamento n. 1151/2012 e 882/2004) a garantire strumenti adeguati di tutela dei sistemi di qualità, vale a dire la denominazione di origine controllata (DOC), l’indicazione geografica protetta (IGP) e la specialità tradizionale garantita (STG). È stata effettuata l’analisi degli strumenti di tutela presenti nella legge polacca, vale a dire sulle disposizioni che riguardano controlli e organi di controllo, sanzioni amministrative e penali nonché sugli strumenti di controllo civico-giuridici in caso di violazione delle denominazioni ed indicazioni protette. La legge polacca, ai sensi del regolamento n. 1151/2012, prevede un sistema di due tipi di controllo: controllo dietro la richiesta del produttore (eseguito da ispettori voivodali per la qualità commerciale degli articoli agroalimentari e da privati organismi di controllo autorizzati) e controllo d’ufficio (eseguito dall’Ispettorato per la Qualità Commerciale degli Articoli Agroalimentari).
5
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Z prawnej problematyki wyróżniania produktów lokalnych

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Kapała A.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2017
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issue 2 (21)
51-60
EN
The purpose of the discussion is an attempt to answer the question of whether the quality labels or designations regulated at the EU or domestic level can serve as an instru-ment for distinguishing local products. The analysis covered the collective European Un-ion Trade Mark (EUTM) and selected Polish designations such as “Jakość Tradycja” ("Quality Tradition"), “Poznaj Dobrą Żywność”( "Know Good Food") as well as the List of Traditional Products. A EUTM, like the Protected Designation of Origin or a Protected Geographical Indi-cation, may serve as a tool for distinguishing the geographical origin of food products if it consists of a designation specifying the place or geographical area of origin and when the rules of use of the common EUTM specify in which territory products should be produced. Polish quality marks "Know Good Food" and "Quality Tradition" do not indicate the place of manufacture of products. In order for them to play the role of an instrument for distinguishing local products, it is essential that producers include information on the origin of their products on a voluntary basis. On the other hand, products entered on the Tradi-tional Products List, although they usually contain the place of manufacture in their name, are not marked with special designations, symbols or signs. Therefore, information on their distinction due to their regional origin characteristics is not communicated to consumers in the market.
IT
L’obiettivo del presente studio è di rispondere alla domanda se le denominazioni e i marchi di qualità regolamentati a livello UE e nazionale possano costituire uno strumento volto a contraddistinguere i prodotti locali. L’analisi è stata incentrata sul marchio collettivo dell’UE (EUTM) e su alcune denominazioni polacche scelte: „Jakość Tradycja”, „Poznaj Dobrą Żywność”, come anche su un elenco: Elenco Prodotti Tradizionali. Il marchio collettivo, al pari della Denominazione di Origine Controllata e dell’Indi-cazione Geografica Protetta, può aiutare a contraddistinguere la provenienza geografica dei prodotti alimentari, se esso specifica un luogo o un’area geografica di provenienza, e se il regolamento per l’uso del marchio in esame indica l’area di produzione. I marchi polacchi di qualità „Poznaj Dobrą Żywność” e „Jakość Tradycja” non indicano la provenienza geografica del prodotto. Affinché essi possano ambire a contraddistinguere i prodotti locali, è necessario che i produttori, volontariamente, introducano tale informazione sull’imballaggio dei prodotti. Per quanto riguarda, invece, i prodotti inseriti nell’Elenco Prodotti Tradizionali, anche se nella maggior parte dei casi il luogo di produzione è parte integrante del loro nome, essi sono carenti di informazioni su denominazioni, simboli e marchi speciali. Pertanto, il consumatore è tenuto all’oscuro dei riconoscimenti conferiti a causa delle caratteristiche risultanti da una specifica provenienza regionale.
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