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Nelegální výzkum veřejného mínění v období normalizace

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Siklova J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

2004

vol. 40

issue 5

673-679

During the normalisation period in Czechoslovakia in the years 1969-1989, empirical sociology was reduced to monitoring information relevant for Marxist-Leninist ideology. With the exception of politically neutral fields, the data gathered were distorted. Central decision-making authorities, however, needed some information on the opinions of the population. To this end, certain questions were inserted into politically neutral surveys. Data acquired in this manner, however, were only available as a source to the propaganda section of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. This article, which draws on a text that the authoress originally wrote under a pseudonym for the exile journal 'Testimony' describes these practices. At the initiative of figures in Czech exile, in 1986 a public opinion research study was secretly carried out using a questionnaire with 85 questions on a sample of 342 people, focusing on a comparison of attitudes towards the USSR, the USA, and NATO, and towards prominent politicians in the late 1980s. The results revealed a surprisingly high degree of awareness about alternative, unofficial, and thus banned culture and publications, and about certain suppressed individuals. The empirical data was sent secretly to Paris and there processed by the sociologist Zdenek Strmiska.

Podíl českých žen na samizdatu a v disentu v Československu v období tzv. normalizace v letech l969–l989

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Siklova J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

2008

vol. 9

issue 1

39-44

During the so-called normalization era between 1969 and 1989, samizdat articles and books played a significant role in the resistance. They were copied by hand, unofficially distributed at home, and smuggled out of the country. Once outside, the texts were published in magazines and broadcast on foreign radio. As a result, people in Czechoslovakia were able to hear the illegal texts from foreign broadcasts. It was mainly women who performed the tasks of copying and distributing these materials, even though such activities were illegal in Czechoslovakia at the time. Yet, the activities of women are less well known than those performed by men during the same period, despite the fact that the activities women were engaged in were more dangerous than the men's activities. The same can be said of the women in exile who helped in these illegal activities, because as yet they have gained little recognition inside or outside the country. Women's demands and issues were not included in Charter 77 and other civic declarations. Czech women emphasised human rights and the interests of the majority rather than particular women's issues. The incentive to notice the role of women in the resistance movement originated mainly among women in the West. Czech women did not differentiate themselves along gender lines.

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1 Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

1 Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

1 2008

1 2004

2 Siklova J.

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Nelegální výzkum veřejného mínění v období normalizace

Podíl českých žen na samizdatu a v disentu v Československu v období tzv. normalizace v letech l969–l989