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The origin of G-7. The economical and political contex

100%
Matera R.
Studia Polityczne (Political Studies)
|
2006
|
issue 18
221-239
EN
The main purpose of the article is to present the reasons for the establishment of G-7. Both economic and political changes, decisive in creating a new international forum are considered beginning with the most fundamental problems of the world economy, which influenced the launching of cyclical meetings of the richest states. The collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary system and the first oil crisis were the most destructive events in the development of the world economy in the early 70s. The most traumatic effects of the monetary and energy crisis at that time was inflation and unemployment. The recession, called commonly stagflation, was one of the most important subjects of transatlantic consultations (the economic part of the publication is supported by statistical figures and tables, which may help to understand the changes in the world economy). The process of the first enlargement of the EEC in 1973 should also be mentioned among the causes of G-7 coming into existence. This enlargement changed the attitude of U.S. policy to its European allies. The West European position in world policy and economy was much stronger since that time. The final decision about organising the first meeting of transatlantic powers was taken in Helsinki on 31st of July 1975 during the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The very first summit with six states participating in it was held in France in 1975. The name of G-7 became official in 1976 when Canadian participants joined the representatives of France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and the US.
2
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The Trending of National Income in the World Economy in the Second Half of the XX Century

63%
Skodlarski J., Matera R.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2004
|
issue 12
85-95
EN
The long-term tendencies, observed in the process of national income's trending were shown. Instead of the concept of income the authors use also the term product, which is currently applied as the measure of economic activity by international organizations such as IMF, World Bank, WTO or OECD. The publication covers the second half of the XX century. The data comes mainly from Angus Maddison research publications and statistical yearbooks and the figures and tables show the size, dynamics and division of the world product between particular regions and states. The authors emphasised the changes, which were observed in the income's distribution and focused on the correlation between the dynamics of GDP and the increase in the area's significance for the world's economy. .
3

Transatlantic Relations in the Peak of the Cold War (1945-1956)

63%
Matera P., Matera R.
Studia Polityczne (Political Studies)
|
2004
|
issue 15
203-232
EN
The Second World War has brought fundamental changes to the structure of world political powers and in sphere of influences. The 'anti-Nazi' coalition was led by the 'Big Three': United States of America, which in 1941 gave up its isolation doctrine, Soviet Union, totalitarian state, and Great Britain, the representative of the democratic traditions of old Europe. With the approaching end of the military struggle with the Nazis one could notice different opinions of the Big Three confining the future of the world order. In author's opinion the most important issues, which created the post-war political order in Europe were: the future of Germany, relations with Central and Eastern Europe and relations with the Soviet Union. The latter was the key to the global politics. Stalin's policy to promote the communist parties in Europe, which gained much support, took part in after-war democratic elections, and joined some government coalitions, brought a fear that Russians would be a key-player in Western Europe. In August 1949 Soviet Union presented the world its own atomic bomb, which ended the American supremacy in nuclear armament. The Cold War created such milestones in the international politics as NATO, Warsaw Pact and European Economic Community.
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