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1

PRESERVATION PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH MORTUARY WAX-FAT (ADIPOCERE) SUBSTANCE REMOVING FROM TEXTILES EXCAVATED IN MASS GRAVES OF POLISH OFFICERS IN CHARKOV (Polish title below)

100%
Drazkowska A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2010
|
vol. 62
505-521
EN
(Polish title: Prace konserwatorskie zwiazane z usuwaniem masy woskowo-tluszczowej z tekstyliów wydobytych ze zbiorowych mogil polskich oficerów w Charkowie). The purpose of this article is to present how great problem arose for conservators of archaeological monuments while removing mortuary wax-fat substance from the textiles excavated in Charkov. The textiles excavated from mass graves bore traces of damages and dirt caused by long using and as a result of deposition in the ground on decomposing bodies. The objects were subjected to disinfection before starting cleaning treatment. Cleaning operation started with plunging textile in warm water tank with detergent dissolved. When wax-fat stratifications were immense at first the effort was made to remove them using flat broad spatula. When fibres were uncovered from under the thick wax-fat layer, 10% PEG 200 (polyethylene glycol) was added to the bath in order to protect the textile and make it more flexible. Attempts to apply ultrasounds in order to loosen and delaminate tightly integrated wax-fat mass also were made. Operations described above were more than ten times repeated.
2

A TEST ON CARRYING OUT RE-CONSERVATION OF LEATHER ARTIFACTS USING VACCUM DRYING TECHNIQUE IN LOW TEMPERATURES

63%
Drazkowska A., Grupa M.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2009
|
vol. 61
407-417
EN
First re-conservation treatment of selected objects was carried out in 1996. To protect the footwear a composition consisting of glycerine with sterinole admixture was applied. In conservation history glycerine predominated for a long time; there were periods when it was given up and then conservators returned to it again. The most often 59% concentration of glycerine in water was used. That method protected artifacts from drying up, what prevented their shrinkage and deformation. However, during drying process water was not completely removed, which caused clear change in color, leading to objects' darkening. Although leather was flexible after that treatment, they could be bent and formed enabling reconstruction, they were sticky attracting dirt, which again was undesirable effect, particularly for objects exposed in museum display cases. Moreover high concentration of glycerine in the impregnant created microbiological threat. In the 90's of 20th century, when our chosen leather objects were conserved for the first time that method was one of few, thanks to which the artifacts had a chance to survive for many years. Today, however, when advance in science has made it possible to elaborate new methods, there is a possibility of performing next conservation treatment. The attempt was taken up to check if another impregnation process will improve flexibility properties of leather and whether it is generally possible.
3

Using Vacuum Freeze-Drying of Waterlogged Archaeological Leather Conservation

39%
Drazkowska A., Grupa M., Plociennik P., Rybka K., Szatkowski J., Zawadzka A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 63
357-385
EN
The present work analyses in detail the vacuum drying in low temperature process based on water sublimation phenomenon. High efficiency and favorable influence on exsiccated object are characteristic traits of the process. Leathers being discovered during archaeological exploration will be the object of study in this instance.
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