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1
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NIEZWYKŁE ZNAKI: TEFILIN I MEZUZA – WYRAZEM PIĘKNA I BOGACTWA SZTUKI ŻYDOWSKIEJ

100%
Kozielec T.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2007
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issue 1
53-66
EN
Apart from being Jewish sacred objects, the 'tefillin' and 'mezuzot' are outstanding examples of the crafts. They are made of fine material, and each stage of the production takes a long time and requires special attention. Every part is symbolic and has a special meaning. 'Tefillin' and 'mezuzot' demand special care and environmental conditions. Their main enemies are water, dampness, sunlight, heat, microbes and insects, as well as mechanical factors causing damage during use. Since they are often and easily damaged, they are subjected to restoration. Conservation and restoration should be consulted with rabbis owing to the fact that only material from 'clean' animals can be used; each element should be preserved without any change to its original symbolic and significant form.
2
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Ocena stanu zachowania "tefilin szel rosz" i "tefilin szel jad" pochodzących z wybranych kolekcji muzealnych i prywatnych

63%
Kozielec T., Maciaszczyk M.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2009
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issue 3
40-46
EN
r jle fillin are Jewish prayer phylacteries made out J- of un-tanned animal hide. They comprise two black painted, closed boxes, stitched along the edges and containing fragments of the Torah written on strips of parchment. Straps of tanned leather, painted black on the outside, are affixed to the boxes and are used for placing them on the body - one box is attached above the forehead (tefillin shel rosh), and the other - on the upper left arm (tefillin shel yad). The tradition of the tefillin, worn by pious Jews, goes back to antiquity. The phylacteries can be encountered in private collection and at auctions. Unfortunately, the state of their preservation is often highly unsatisfactory and calls for conservation and restoration as well as suitable storage conditions. The article discusses the outcome of studies on the state of the preservation of exhibits featured at the Museum in Chrzanów - the Urbańczyk I louse and the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim as well as in private collections, and analyses the reasons for the damage. The conducted research demonstrated the presence of numerous tvpes of damage, such as deformations, cracks, chipped black paint, dust, scratches and gaps. One of the most important causes involves unstable storage conditions.
3
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BADANIE XV-WIECZNEJ ODBITKI KSYLOGRAFICZNEJ TURRIS SAPIENTIAE JOHANNESA METENSISA

63%
Kozielec T., Wachowiak M.
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej
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2020
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issue 37
107-128
EN
In 2019, a 15th-century print entitled Th e Tower of Wisdom kept by the Kórnik Library in Poland was subjected to scientifi c examination. Th e main purpose of the examination of the hand-coloured image was the identifi cation of the technique of the application of the text and the illustrations. Th e conducted examination proved a thesis that it is an example of xylographic print. Moreover, the elemental composition of the paint layer was analysed, revealing no colours which were not used in the period of the object’s origin.
4
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Przegląd metod badań technologicznych zabytkowych kodeksów na przykładzie Codex Aureus Gnesnensis

51%
Kozielec T., Jabłońska E., Pronobis-Gajdzis M., Rogóż J.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1(16)
123-144
PL
W 2012 r. Codex Aureus Gnesnensis nazywany Złotym Kodeksem pochodzący z Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie (obiekt z syg. „BK Ms 1a”) został zbadany przez grupę pracowników naukowych z Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Kodeks został wykonany na pergaminie, bogato iluminowany, blok oprawiono w drewniane deski i skórę, a dekoracyjne elementy metalowe zostały dosztukowane do oprawy. Wszystkie główne rodzaje materiałów / substancji poddano badaniom: elementy metalowe, deski drewniane, skórę, pigmenty i spoiwa, pergamin, wytwory papiernicze, materiały tekstylne, materiały użyte do napraw. Nacisk położono również na badanie zniszczonych miejsc i produktów degradacji materiałów. Zastosowano różne metody badań w celu scharakteryzowania materiałów z których składa się obiekt. Były to: A). metody nieinwazyjne: obserwacje w świetle VIS, rentgenografia (RTG), reflektografia w świetle UV, fluorescencja wzbudzona promieniami UV, reflektografia w bliskiej podczerwieni, fluorescencja rentgenowska (XRF), fourierowska spektroskopia absorpcyjna w podczerwieni (FTIR-ATR), kolorowa podczerwień, pH wytworów papierniczych; B). mikroniszczące badania próbek: fluorescencja rentgenowska, badania obrazu próbek w mikroskopach optycznych (VIS, PL, UV), badania z użyciem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego ze spektrometrem rentgenowskim (SEM/EDX), fourierowska spektroskopia absorpcyjna w podczerwieni, kolorowa podczerwień, chromatografia gazowa (GC), badanie temperatury skurczu włókien kolagenowych (MHT), identyfikacja włókien wytworów papierniczych i tekstylnych (obserwacja cech morfologicznych, odczynniki – Hezrzberga i Schweizera), wykrywanie ligniny w produktach papierniczych (floroglucyna), identyfikacja substancji organicznych (zmydlanie, test na hydroksyprolinę, ninhydryna, czerń sudanowa, zieleń malachitowa, czerń amidowa). Przeprowadzono także badania mikrobiologiczne (nieniszczące: ATP, identyfikacja owadów; mikroniszczące: obserwacje próbek mikroorganizmów pod mikroskopem optycznym). Badania pozwoliły na określenie czasu powstania wszystkich elementów kodeksu oraz przygotowanie programu prac konserwatorsko-restauratorskich i ich realizację.
EN
In 2012 Codex Aureus Gnesnensis called the „Gold Codex” from the Archdiocesian Archive of Gniezno (item „BK Ms 1a”) was investigated by scientific workers from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The codex was made on parchment, reachly illuminated, block covered with wooden boards and leather, and decorative silver elements were set to the cover. All basic elements and substances of the object were investigated: metal elements, wooden boards, leather, pigments and binders, parchment, paper products, textile materials, materials used for reparation. Attempts were also put on investigation of degradation products of materials and decayed areas. Several methods applied to characterise meterials the object consists of. They were as follows: A). non-invasive methods: observation in ViS light, rentgenography (RTG), reflectography in the UV light, UV induced fluorescence, NIR reflectography, X-ray fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, False IR analysis, pH measure of paper products, B). microdestrucive analyses on samples: X-ray fluorescence, observation of morphological features under optical microscopes (VIS, PL, UV), SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), FTIR spectroscopy, False IR analysis, gas chromatography, collagen shrinkage temperature (MHT), fiber identification of paper products and textiles (morphological features, Herzberg stain, Schweizer reagent), lignin detection in paper products (phloroglucin), microchemical identification of organic substances (saponification test, hydroxyroline test, ninhydrin, sudan black, malachite green, amido black). Also the microbiological investigations were performed (nondestructive: ATP, insects identification; microdestructive: observation of sampled microorganisms under optical microscope). Results of investigations allowed dating of parts of the codex as well as realisation of the conservation-restoration project.
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