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1
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Terminus
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2009
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vol. 11
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issue 1-2
PL
The city has always attracted great preachers, giving them a wide audience. almost  all big european  cities are proud of  their famous preachers who called for a mending of  ways, rushed to comfort the needy, marked out ways of spiritual renovation (e.g. Girolamo savonarola, OP; Henri lacordaire, OP; johann emanuel Veith, Heinrich abel, sj). Urban preaching is more demanding. It needs to take into account the intellectual potential of the listener who is more demanding as regards the preacher and his sermons. On the urban pulpit, unlike in the country, deeper analysis and reasoning can be offered. Present urban preaching rejects pathos, avoids any manifestations of teach- ing and spectacular eloquence much more than was the case once. It is charac- terised by a humble sense of mystery and consequent restraint in judgments and opinions; a conviction that every single manifestation of human existence has a value of its own.
EN
The impact of preaching on Polish religiousness and national culture is enormous. Sermons reached all the social classes. They were listened to by the king, by scholars and by the unlearned, by burghers and by peasants, and by the rich and by beggars. For the vast majority of Poles, sermons were the only source of faith and inspiration to live the Christian life. The first preachers limited themselves in their messages to reciting and simple lecturing: the Credo, the Ten Commandments, the Pater noster and the Ave Maria. They made an invaluable mark in forming Polish religious and literary language. The quality and frequency of the sermons depended on a church’s rank (i.e., if it was a cathedral, a collegiate church, a town church, a village church, a monastic church, etc.), the distance from cities and the educational environment. Hagiography and martyrology were read. Religious songs (a significant role was given to carmen patrum –Bogurodzica) played a great role to help with the transfer of faith as they strengthened the oral catechesis and were remembered by the listeners. The Christian moral lectures concentrated on virtues to be sought and vices to be avoided; emphasis was placed on the practice of merciful work and keeping the commandments, while devotion to Christ’s humanity, His Mother and the saints was cultivated.
PL
Wpływ kaznodziejstwa na religijność polską i kulturę narodową jest ogromny. Kazanie docierało do wszystkich warstw społecznych. Słuchał go król, uczony i prostak, mieszczanin i chłop, bogaty i żebrak. Dla ogromnej większości Polaków było ono jedynym źródłem wiary i inspiracji do życia chrześcijańskiego. Pierwsi kaznodzieje ograniczali się w swoim przekazie do recytowania i prostego wykładu: Credo, dekalogu, Modlitwy Pańskiej i Zdrowaś, Maryja. Oddali nieocenione usługi w kształtowaniu polskiego języka religijnego i literackiego. Poziom wygłaszanych kazań i ich częstotliwość zależał od rangi kościoła (katedra, kolegiata, kościół miejski, wiejski, zakonny), odległości od miast i środowisk szkolnych. Czytano żywoty świętych i martyrologium. Wielką pomocą w przekazie wiary służyły pieśni religijne (doniosła rola carmen patrum – Bogurodzicy), które utrwalały katechezę ustną i zapisywały się w pamięci słuchaczy. W wykładzie moralności chrześcijańskiej skupiano się na cnotach, o które należało zabiegać, i na wadach, których trzeba było unikać; kładziono nacisk na praktykę dzieł miłosierdzia i zachowywanie przykazań; kształtowano kult człowieczeństwa Chrystusa, Jego Matki i świętych.
EN
By reading the sermons and homilies of the Fathers of Church worked out in the golden patristic period one can still learn how to advocate the word of God in a vivid, popular, illustrative, current and profound way. The Fathers of Church are absorbed in the Holy Scriptures, well-thought-out, prayed for and deeply studied. Holding the Holy Scriptures in hand they try to understand the world around and to find a place for themselves as well as for the people entrusted to them. They diligently listen to the Holy Scriptures because it is the Word of God directed also to them. What they give to their listeners is supported by clear testimony of their lives.
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