Results found: 2

Search results

Sort By:

Limit search:

Scapulae – Kultgeräte, Werkzeuge oder Votivgaben?

100%

Elkowicz D.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

2014

issue 27

121–127

The paper attempts to show the chronology, regional distribution and function of notched animal scapulae (shoulder blades). Before the Iron Age, notched animal scapulae appear only sporadically in the southern Levant: in the Upper Palaeolithic Hayonim Cave; at Neolithic Atlit Yam and Jericho; and at the Chalcolithic site of Tell Turmus, and they are totally absent in the Bronze Age sites. Notched scapulae appear mostly in the Iron Age I and the largest group of these objects found in Palestine comes from Ekron. At least one example was found in a residential area of Ashkelon. Three notched scapulae were found at Tel Dor, although none in a clear stratified context. An incised scapula was found also in Tel Kinrot. The four Tell es-Safi/Gath scapulae, which date to the Iron Age IIA, are the latest in the sequence. Some scholars believe that notched scapulae were used in divination rites of scapulomancy or omoplatoscopy; others authors suggest that notched scapulae were used as musical instruments – as rasps or scrapers. Others still proposed that these artifacts were used for account-keeping of commodities produced for cultic use or brought to the cultic place as offerings or taxes. Another option is that they were used as a part of a loom. Since the exact function and meaning of scapulae is difficult to ascertain, a new hypothesis concerning their function is proposed: because many of them were found in cultic context, it is possible that they could have been used as votive objects.

Zarys religii Ammonu

100%

Elkowicz D.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

2015

issue 30

37-44

The Ammonites, a people living east of the Jordan River, were neighbors of the ancient Israelites. The Old Testament (1 Kings, 11,5; 2 Kings, 23,13) and probably an inscription from the citadel of Amman mention Milkom as the supreme God of the Ammonites. Most Ammonite names did not contain the name of their national god, but used a more generic divine name, ’El. We don’t know if the name: ’El refers to the Canaanite god or to a local manifestation of this deity. Ammonites also worshiped other deities (i.e. ‘Astarte, ‘Anat, Ba‘al, Hadad/’Adad, Qos, Šamas, YHWH and Yerah). A number of limestone statues and clay figurines of bearded individuals wearing an atef-crown could be Ammonite monarchs or deity (Milkom or ’El). An Ammonite sanctuary has been excavated in Ruğm el-Kursi, situated north-west of Amman. Excavations at this site unearthed a rectangular building measuring 18,70 x 12,60 m. The orientation of the temple is east-west, with the entrance facing east. The Temple of Ruğm el-Kursi is an important example of religious architecture in the Levant. It’s not just about the first Iron Age monumental temple in Ammon and in Jordan, but it is also the first excavated monumental sanctuary of the moon god in the Levant. The two reliefs on the door jambs depicted the full moon within the crescent and confirm that the moon god was worshiped there. Because of the reliefs the sanctuary has been dated to Iron Age II. The temple of Ruğm el-Kursi was divided into two or in three rooms and belongs to the „Langraum” temple type, which is known in the region since the middle of the 3rd mill. BC.

Refine search results

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

2 Elkowicz D.

1 2015

1 2014

Search results

Scapulae – Kultgeräte, Werkzeuge oder Votivgaben?

Zarys religii Ammonu